I. Isingeniso
A isihlungi esinezimbobo esithambileuhlobo lwesihlungi esenziwe ngokusinta (ukushisa nokucindezela) izimpushana noma izinhlayiya ndawonye ukuze kwakheke into eqinile enesakhiwo esinezimbobo. Lezi zihlungi zisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa ukuhlunga, ukuhlukanisa, kanye nokuhlanza. Zenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene njengensimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium kanye nethusi. Isakhiwo esinezimbobo sivumela uketshezi noma amagesi ukuthi kudlule ngenkathi kubanjwa futhi kususwa izinhlayiya noma ukungcola okungafuneki. Usayizi wembobo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwayo, kanye nezakhiwo zezinto, kungalungiswa ukuze kuhambisane nohlelo oluthile lokuhlunga. Lezi zihlungi zaziwa ngokuqina kwazo, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali, futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zezimboni nezesayensi ezidinga kakhulu.
Kodwa kunezakhi ezahlukene zesihlungi esicwebezelayo emakethe, singazihlukanisa kanjani izakhi zesihlungi esicwebezelayo zekhwalithi enhle?
II. Incazelo yezihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe
BeseZiyini izihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe?
Izihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe zibalulekile ezisetshenziswayo eziningi zezimboni nezentengiselwano, kusukela ekuhlungeni uketshezi kuya ekuhlanzweni kwegesi. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe ezidalwe zilingana. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu kulezo ezisezingeni eliphansi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zizosebenza njengoba kulindelekile futhi zihlale isikhathi eside. Kulesi sihloko sebhulogi, sizoxoxa ngezici zezihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izindlela zokuhlola ikhwalithi yezihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe, kanye nokubaluleka kokukhetha izihlungi zekhwalithi ephezulu.
III. Ukubaluleka kokuhlonza izihlungi zekhwalithi ephezulu
Mina.Okokuqala, ake sichaze ukuthi ziyini izihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe.
Izihlungi zensimbi ezifakwe i-sintered zenziwa ngokuhlanganisa impuphu yensimbi ibe yisimo esenziwe ngaphambilini bese siyifudumeza kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi nje kwephuzu lokuncibilika. Le nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-sintering, ibangela ukuthi izinhlayiya zensimbi zihlangane, zidale ucezu oluqinile olunesakhiwo esinezimbobo. Usayizi wembobo kanye ne-porosity yesihlungi kungalawulwa ngokulungisa usayizi kanye nesimo sezinhlayiya zensimbi kanye nezimo ze-sintering. Isakhiwo esinezimbobo sesihlungi sivumela uketshezi noma igesi ukuthi kudlule ngenkathi kubanjwa izinhlayiya ezingafuneki.
II. Izici Zezihlungi Zensimbi Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu Ezicwebezelayo
Manje, ake sixoxe ngezici zezihlungi zensimbi ezisinki ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Isihlungi sensimbi esisinki esisezingeni eliphezulu kufanele sibe nosayizi wembobo ohambisanayo nofanayo kanye nembobo ephezulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlungi singabamba izinhlayiya ezifunwayo ngenkathi sivumela uketshezi noma igesi ukuthi kudlule ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa okuncane. Izihlungi zensimbi ezisinki ezisezingeni eliphezulu kufanele futhi zibe namandla aphezulu omshini, zimelane nokucindezeleka okuphezulu futhi zimelane nokuguquguquka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele zihambisane namakhemikhali, zimelane nokugqwala kanye namakhemikhali amaningi, futhi zikwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuqotho besakhiwo.
A. Isakhiwo esinezimbobo:
Usayizi wembobo ohambisanayo nofanayo: Izihlungi ezinembobo ezigobhozayo zinosayizi wembobo ohambisanayo nofanayo kuyo yonke into yokuhlunga. Zivumela ukulawula okunembile ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwento.
Ukuvuleka okuphezulu: Isakhiwo esinezimbobo zezinto zokuhlunga ezisikiwe sivumela amazinga aphezulu okugeleza kanye nomthamo wokubamba ukungcola.
B. Amandla omshini:
Ukumelana okuphezulu nengcindezi: Izinto zesihlungi ezisikiwe zinokumelana okuphezulu nengcindezi futhi zingamelana nomehluko wengcindezi ephezulu ngaphandle kokuguquka noma ukonakala.
Azikwazi ukumelana nokuguquguquka: Izinto zokuhlunga ezifakwe i-sintered zaziwa ngamandla azo aphezulu okusebenza kanye nokuqina, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinzima futhi zikwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuguquguquka.
C. Ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali:
Amelana nokugqwala: Izinto zokuhlunga ezifakwe i-sintered zivame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezingamelana nokugqwala, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezigqwala.
Amelana namakhemikhali amaningi: Izinto zokuhlunga ezisikiwe zivame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezimelana namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, okwenza zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa kokuhlunga ngamakhemikhali.
D. Ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa:
Iyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu: Izinto zesihlungi ezisikiwe zingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuqotho bazo besakhiwo noma ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga.
Iyakwazi ukugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo: Izinto zesihlungi ezisikiwe zingagcina ubuqotho besakhiwo sazo ngisho noma zivezwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Lokhu kuzenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu njengokuhlunga isithando somlilo.
IV. Izindlela Zokuhlola Ikhwalithi Yezihlungi Zensimbi Ezicwebezelisiwe
Izindlela eziningana zingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ikhwalithi yezihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe. Enye indlela ukuhlola ngokomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola ngokubona isakhiwo esinezimbobo kanye nokulinganisa usayizi wembobo. Enye indlela ukuhlola ngomshini, njengokwehla kwengcindezi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamandla okuqhuma. Ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali, njengokumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuhlolwa kokumelana namakhemikhali, kungasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlola ikhwalithi yezihlungi. Okokugcina, ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokuhlolwa kokujikeleza kokushisa, kungasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izihlungi zizosebenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe.
A. Ukuhlolwa Komzimba:
Ukuhlolwa ngokubonakalayo kwesakhiwo esinezimbobo: Lolu hlobo lokuhlola luhilela ukubuka izinto zokuhlunga ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu noma enye idivayisi yokukhulisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo esinezimbobo siyahambisana futhi asinazo iziphambeko.
Ukulinganisa usayizi wembobo: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ukukala usayizi wembobo ezintweni zokuhlunga. Lolu lwazi lungasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlungi siyakwazi ukususa ngempumelelo izinhlayiya ezifunwayo oketshezini.
B. Ukuhlolwa Kwemishini:
Ukuhlolwa kokwehla kwengcindezi: Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lulinganisa ukwehla kwengcindezi ezintweni zokuhlunga ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene, njengezinga lokugeleza elihlukahlukene noma izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlayiya oketshezini. Lolu lwazi lungasetshenziswa ukunquma ukusebenza kahle kwesihlungi nokuhlonza noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngokusebenza kwesihlungi.
Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okuqhuma: Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ingcindezi ephezulu kakhulu isihlungi esingayimelana nayo ngaphambi kokuba yehluleke.
C. Ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali:
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokugqwala: Lolu hlobo lokuhlola lusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi izinto zokuhlunga zingamelana kahle kangakanani nokugqwala lapho zivezwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamakhemikhali. Lolu lwazi lungasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlungi siyakwazi ukusebenza kahle endaweni ehlosiwe.
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana namakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ukumelana kwezinto zokuhlunga namakhemikhali ngokuziveza kumakhemikhali athile nokulinganisa izinguquko ezintweni zokuhlunga.
D. Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa:
Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: Lolu hlobo lokuhlola luhilela ukuveza izinto zokuhlunga emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa ezingase zibonakale kuwo ekusetshenzisweni kwazo okuhlosiwe.
Ukuhlolwa kokujikeleza kokushisa: Lolu hlobo lokuhlola luhilela ukuveza izinto zokuhlunga ngokuphindaphindiwe kokubili emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zingamelana nokucindezeleka kokushisa okuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokwehluleka.
Kubalulekile ukukhetha izihlungi zensimbi ezicwebezelayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, izihlungi zekhwalithi ephezulu zizosebenza kangcono futhi zihlale isikhathi eside kunezisezingeni eliphansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zizodinga ukushintshwa nokulungiswa okuncane, okungonga isikhathi nemali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izihlungi zekhwalithi ephezulu nazo ngeke zihluleke, kuvimbele isikhathi esibi kakhulu sokungasebenzi kanye nomonakalo wemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlungi zekhwalithi ephezulu zizokwazi kangcono ukuvikela imishini kanye nenqubo ezisetshenziswa kuyo, okungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza.
Isiphetho V.
Ekuphetheni, izihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe zibalulekile ezisetshenziswayo eziningi zezimboni nezentengiselwano. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu kulezo ezisezingeni eliphansi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zizosebenza njengoba kulindelekile futhi zihlale isikhathi eside. Izihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu kufanele zibe nosayizi wembobo ohambisanayo nofanayo, ukuvuleka okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu omshini, ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokubekezelela izinga lokushisa. Izindlela eziningana zingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ikhwalithi yezihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlolwa komshini, ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokuhlolwa kokushisa. Ukukhetha izihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu kungonga isikhathi nemali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-17-2023
