Ukusinta kudlala indima ebalulekile embonini yokukhiqiza, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlala isikhathi eside. Ukuqonda izisekelo zokusinta kubalulekile konjiniyela, abacwaningi, kanye nabathanda kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukujula emqondweni wokusinta, ukuhlola inqubo yakho, ukuxoxa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza kwayo, kanye nokugqamisa izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yayo.
Kuyini ukuSintering?
Ukusinta kuyinqubo ehilela ukuhlanganisa izinto ezimpuphu zibe yinqwaba eqinile ngokusebenzisa ukushisa. Ngokungafani nezinqubo zokuncibilika zendabuko, ukusinta akufinyeleli ezingeni lokuncibilika kwezinto. Kunalokho, kusebenzisa ukusabalala kwama-athomu kuzo zonke izinhlayiya, okuholela ekubophaneni nasekuqineni. Le nqubo iphumela esakhiweni esiqinile esinezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini.
Ukusinta nakho kunomqondo obanzi nowomncane. Ngomqondo obanzi, ukusinta inqubo lapho i-powder ekhululekile ihlanganiswa khona ibe amabhlogo ngamandla okubopha aqinile ekushiseni okuthile. Kodwa ukusinta emkhakheni wokwenza insimbi kuyinqubo ehlanganisa i-iron ore powder nezinye izinto eziqukethe insimbi zibe yi-metallurgical performance enhle kakhulu ibhlogo yokwenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuyi-sinter. Zihilela izinqubo ezahlukene ze-physicochemical Nakuba bobabili basebenzisa igama elithi ukusinta.
Inqubo Yokuhlanza
Inqubo yokusila inezigaba eziningana. Ekuqaleni, izinto zokusetshenziswa zakhiwa zibe yisimo esithile, ngokuvamile ngesimo sempuphu. Le mpuphu ibe isiqiniswa kusetshenziswa ingcindezi ukuqinisekisa ukufana nokususa izikhala. Okulandelayo, izinto eziqiniswayo zifakwa ekushiseni okulawulwayo esithandweni sokusila. Izinga lokushisa lilawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kube lula ukubopha izinhlayiya ngaphandle kokubangela ukuncibilika okuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokushisa, izinhlayiya ziyasakazwa, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwentamo kanye nokuqina. Isigaba sokugcina sihilela ukupholisa umkhiqizo osikiwe, okuvumela ukuthi uqine ube yisakhiwo esiqinile nesihlangene.
Ukushisa ngophuphu esasivame ukukusho ukuthi yi-metal powder noma i-powder compact. Kuyinqubo yobuciko yokuthola izinto noma umkhiqizo ngamandla adingekayo kanye nezici ezihlukile ngenxa yesibopho esingokwenyama nesamakhemikhali phakathi kwezinhlayiya ekushiseni okungaphansi kwendawo yokuncibilika kwengxenye eyinhloko. I-HENGKO inochungechunge lwemikhiqizo yokushisa ngophuphu yezinhlobo ezahlukene zokucaciswa nobukhulu okuhlanganisaisihlungi sediski, isihlungi sendebe,isihlungi sekhandlela,isihlungi seshidinjalo njalo. Umkhiqizo wethu wensimbi engagqwali othungelayo unenzuzo yamandla aphezulu, ukuvuleka okuhle, ukunemba kokuhlunga okunembile kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, ofanele izindawo eziningi. Insizakalo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso nayo inganikezwa njengoba ucelile.
Isinyathelo ngasinye enkambisweni yokusila sihambisana nokusebenzisana, futhi ukugxila kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu enkambisweni yokusila, ngakho-ke kusho ukuthini ukugxila? Ukugxila kuyisinyathelo esithatha isinyathelo sokwenza ngcono izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nophethiloli, okwenza kube umthwalo wesithando ohlangabezana nezidingo zokuqinisa ukuhluzwa kwesithando somlilo ngaphambi kokuba izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nophethiloli zingene esithandweni somlilo. Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho eziphakeme kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho zingatholakala ngemuva kokuthi i-concentis isetshenziswe ekuncibilikiseni isithando somlilo somlilo. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "sebenzisa konke kahle" futhi usebenzise izinsiza ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Futhi kuyindlela yokuqwashisa ngokonga kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Izici Ezithinta Ukuthungwa Kwezinto Ezingcolile
Izinto eziningana zithonya inqubo yokusila, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, usayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nokwakheka. Izinga lokushisa lidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni i-kinetics yokusila kanye nezakhiwo zezinto ezitholakalayo. Izinga lokushisa lithinta inqubo yokuminyana, njengoba ukushisa okusheshayo kungaholela ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlayiya okungalingani. Ingcindezi isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuminyana ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinhlayiya futhi kuqedwe ukugoba. Usayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nokwakheka kwazo kuthinta ukuziphatha kokusila, ngezinhlayiya ezincane kanye nokwakheka okufanayo okukhuthaza ukuminyana okungcono.
Ngokombono wangempela wegama elithi sintering, igama elithi burning lisho ukusebenzisa umlilo, kumele kube khona ilangabi elihambisana nokushisa okuphezulu. Futhi inqubo yokushisa kumele yenziwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lenziwa ngokushiswa kukaphethiloli. Ububanzi bokushisa, isivinini sokushisa, ububanzi bebhendi yokushisa, umkhathi ezintweni ezishisiwe, njll. kuzothinta inqubekela phambili yenqubo yokushisa kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokugcina eshisiwe. Futhi lezo zinto zihlobene nezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zikaphethiloli kanye nomthamo. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zikaphethiloli ziyisici esibalulekile esithinta inqubo yokushisa.
Isingathekiso into ethile ayinakuba khona ngaphandle kwesisekelo eziphila kuso. Uphethiloli nezinto zokusetshenziswa zifana nesikhumba futhi ukhuni olunobudlelwano lubalulekile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inqubo yokusila ayinakwenzeka. Kodwa uphethiloli osikiwe ubhekisela kakhulu ekushisweni kukaphethiloli oqinile ongqimbeni lwezinto. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-coke powder ecoliwe kanye ne-anthracite, njll. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisikiwe, ikakhulukazi zine-iron ore, i-manganese ore, i-solvent, uphethiloli kanye nemfucuza yezimboni.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokuthungula
Ukuhlinza kuhlanganisa amasu ahlukahlukene ahlukaniswe ngokusekelwe ezindleleni nasezimweni ezihilelekile kule nqubo. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlinza kubalulekile ekukhetheni indlela efanele yezinhlelo ezithile. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zokuhlinza:
1 Ukusika Okuqinile Kwesimo
Ukushiswa kwe-Solid-state, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukushiswa kwe-diffusion bonding, kuyindlela yokushiswa esetshenziswa kabanzi. Kule nqubo, izinto eziwuphuphu zifakwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngaphansi kwamaphuzu azo okuncibilika. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukushiswa kwe-athomu kwenzeka phakathi kwezinhlayiya eziseduze, okwenza kube lula ukwakheka kwezintamo nokubopha. Ukususwa kwezimbobo kanye nokuhlela kabusha kwezinhlayiya kuholela ekuminyaneni nasekubunjweni kwesisindo esiqinile.
Ukushiswa kwe-Solid-state kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zobumba, njenge-porcelain ne-alumina, kanye nokushiswa kwempuphu yensimbi. Kuyathandwa uma kulondolozwa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nobumsulwa bezinto kubalulekile. Ngokulawula ngokucophelela imingcele yokushiswa, njengokushisa, isikhathi, kanye nengcindezi, izakhiwo zezinto ezifiselekayo zingafinyelelwa.
2 Ukuhlanza Isigaba Soketshezi
Ukushiswa kwesigaba soketshezi kuhilela ukungezwa kwesigaba soketshezi ukusiza ekuhleleni kabusha kwezinhlayiya kanye nokubopha ngesikhathi senqubo yokushiswa. Isigaba soketshezi, ngokuvamile esiyinto encibilika kancane, sisebenza njengesibopho noma i-flux, sinciphisa izinga lokushisa lokushiswa elidingekayo ukuze kuqiniswe. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu lapho kushiswa izinto ezinezindawo zokuncibilika eziphakeme noma lapho kuthuthukiswa izinga lokuminyana elifunekayo.
Ngesikhathi sokusila kwesigaba soketshezi, isigaba soketshezi sisakazeka phakathi kwezinhlayiya, sikhuthaza ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinhlayiya futhi sithuthukise ukwakheka kwentamo kanye nokuqina kwayo. Ukuba khona kwesigaba soketshezi nakho kwenza kube lula ukususa ukungcola futhi kusiza ekusileni kwezinto ezinezinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukushiswa kwe-liquid-phase kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwama-carbide afakwe usimende, lapho izinhlayiya ze-tungsten carbide zihlanganiswa khona kusetshenziswa i-binder esekelwe ku-cobalt. Kusetshenziswa futhi ekushisweni kwezinto ezithile zobumba kanye nezinsimbi zensimbi, njengensimbi engagqwali.
3 Ukuhlanza Okusebenzayo
Ukusinta okwenziwayo, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukusinta okusizwa yinsimu noma ukusinta kwe-spark plasma, kuyindlela entsha yokusinta esebenzisa imithombo yamandla yangaphandle ukukhuthaza ukuqina. Kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwensimu kagesi, ugesi kagesi, noma imisebe kagesi ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokusinta.
Umthombo wamandla wangaphandle usheshisa ukusabalala kwama-athomu, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwentamo okusheshayo kanye nokuqina. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi kudala ukushisa kwendawo, kunciphisa isikhathi sokushiswa futhi kuvumele ukushiswa kwezinto emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Le ndlela inikeza izinzuzo ezifana nokuqiniswa okuthuthukisiwe, ukukhula okuncishisiwe kokusanhlamvu, kanye nokulawulwa okuthuthukisiwe kwesakhiwo esincane kanye nezakhiwo.
I-activated sintering isetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zobumba ezithuthukisiwe, izinto ezisebenzayo, kanye nezinhlanganisela. Inenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezinamazinga aphezulu okuncibilika, ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, noma ukukwazi ukuguquguquka okulinganiselwe.
Ezinye Izinhlobo Ezi-4 Zokuthungula
Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezibalwe ngenhla, kunezinye izindlela eziningana ezikhethekile zokuhlanza eziklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa okuthile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlanza nge-microwave, lapho amandla e-microwave asetshenziswa khona ukufudumeza nokuhlanza izinto, kanye nokuhlanza nge-pressure-assisted, okuhlanganisa ukucindezela nokushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-selective laser sintering (SLS) kanye ne-electron beam sintering (EBS) yizindlela zokukhiqiza ezengeziwe ezisebenzisa imishayo yamandla ukuze zishise izinto ezimpuphu ngokukhetha, ungqimba nongqimba, ukukhiqiza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinobukhulu obuthathu.
Uhlobo ngalunye lokusila lunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile futhi lukhethwa ngokusekelwe ezicini zezinto ezibonakalayo, imiphumela efiselekayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.
Izicelo ze-Sintering
I-Sintering ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kuzo zonke izimboni ngenxa yekhono layo lokuguqula izinto ezimpuphu zibe yizingxenye eziqinile ezinezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe. Ake sihlole ezinye zezindawo ezibalulekile lapho i-sintering isetshenziswa khona kabanzi:
1 - Izinto zobumba
I-ceramics ingenye yezinkambu eziyinhloko lapho i-sintering isetshenziswa khona kakhulu. I-sintered ceramics ibonisa amandla athuthukisiwe okusebenza, ubulukhuni, kanye nokuzinza kokushisa. I-sintering isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amathayili e-ceramic, izinto zokuhlanza, amathuluzi okusika, izinto ezivimbela ukugqwala, kanye nezivikeli zikagesi. Ngokulawula ngokucophelela amapharamitha e-sintering, izinto ze-ceramic zingafinyelela ubuningi obufunekayo, ukugoba, kanye nesakhiwo esincane sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.
2 - I-Metallurgy
Ezisetshenzisweni zensimbi, ukuthungwa kwensimbi kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye eziningi zensimbi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amagiya, amabheringi, ama-bushing, izingxenye zezimoto, kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo. Izimpushana zensimbi, njengensimbi, i-aluminium, nensimbi engagqwali, ziyahlanganiswa futhi zithungwe ukuze kukhiqizwe izingxenye eziqinile ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini. Izingxenye zensimbi ezithungwe ngensimbi zivame ukubonisa amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokunemba kobukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxenye zendabuko ezithungwe ngensimbi.
3 - Izinhlanganisela
Ukusinta kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlukile ukudala izinto ezinezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe. Ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-metal matrix (MMCs) kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-ceramic matrix (CMCs), ukusinta kusetshenziswa ukubopha izinto zokuqinisa, njengemicu noma izinhlayiya, nezinto ezihlanganisiwe. Lokhu kuthuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokuqina kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe eziphumayo.
4 - Insimbi Eyimpuphu
I-Powder metallurgy, igatsha elikhethekile le-metallurgy, ithembele kakhulu ekushiseni. Kuhilela ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zensimbi ezivela ku-powders zensimbi. Ngezinqubo ezifana nokuminyana nokushiseni, izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zingakhiqizwa. I-Powder metallurgy ivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezimoto ekukhiqizeni amagiya, ama-camshafts, nezihlalo zamavalvu, kanye nasekukhiqizweni kwamathuluzi okusika nezihlungi ezishiseniwe.
5 - Ukuphrinta kwe-3D/Ukukhiqiza Okungeziwe
Ukusinta kudlala indima ebalulekile emasu okukhiqiza okungeziwe njengosinta se-laser esikhethiwe (i-SLS) kanye nokusinta kwe-electron beam (i-EBS). Kulezi zinqubo, izinto ezimpushana zisintana ngokukhetha ungqimba ngengqimba, ngokusekelwe kumiklamo yedijithali, ukudala izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinobukhulu obuthathu. Ukusinta kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezimpushana, okuholela ezingxenyeni eziqinile nezisebenzayo. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izindiza, ezempilo, kanye ne-prototyping.
6 Ubunjiniyela Bezinto Zogesi Nogesi
Ukusinta kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi. Ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zobumba zikagesi, njenge-capacitors, i-varistors, kanye ne-thermistors, ukusinta kusetshenziselwa ukubopha izinhlayiya ze-ceramic, kwakha izinto eziqinile nezihambisa ugesi. Ukusinta kusetshenziselwa futhi ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezithinta ugesi, ukupakishwa kwe-semiconductor, kanye nezingxenye zebhodi lesifunda.
Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa i-sintering. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka ihlolwa futhi ilungiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezishintshayo zezimboni ezahlukene, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokwakha kanye nezingxenye ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Izinzuzo Zokuhlikihla
Ukusinta kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezenza kube yindlela yokukhiqiza ekhethwayo ezimbonini ezahlukene. Ake sihlole ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile:
1 Izimo Eziyinkimbinkimbi Nemiklamo Eyinkimbinkimbi
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuhlanza i-sinter yikhono layo lokukhiqiza izingxenye ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokusebenzisa izinto eziwuphuphu, ukuhlanza i-sinter kuvumela ukwakheka kwezingxenye ezine-geometri eziyinkimbinkimbi okungaba nzima ukuzifeza kusetshenziswa amasu omshini wendabuko. Lokhu kuguquguquka ekubunjweni kwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezilungiselelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.
2 Izakhiwo Ezithuthukisiwe Zemishini
Ukusinta kuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini zezinto, okuholela ezingxenyeni ezinezimpawu zokusebenza eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusinta, izinhlayiya ziyahlangana futhi ziqine, okuholela emandleni athuthukisiwe, ubulukhuni, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka komkhiqizo osintayo. Izindlela zokushisa ezilawulwayo kanye nokusabalalisa ezihilelekile ekusintayo zinegalelo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo esiminyene nesihlangene, okuthuthukisa ubuqotho bemishini bengxenye.
Izinto Ezihlanganisiwe Ezi-3
Ukusinta kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwama-powder anezinhlanganisela ezahlukene, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezinezakhiwo ezenzelwe wena. Ngokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-powder noma ukufaka izithasiselo, kungenzeka ukushintsha izici zezinto ngokwezidingo ezithile. Lokhu kuguquguquka kokwakheka kuvula amathuba okudala izinto ezithuthukisiwe ezinezimo zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe, njenge-alloys enamandla aphezulu noma izinto ezinezakhiwo ezithile zikagesi noma zokushisa.
4 Ukuphumelela Ngezindleko
Ukusinta kuyindlela yokukhiqiza engabizi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zokuncibilikisa nokukhipha zendabuko. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziwuphuphu kunciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo, njengoba uphuphu omningi ungaqoqwa futhi usetshenziswe kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokusinta idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi njengoba isebenza emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwephuzu lokuncibilika kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Amandla okukhiqiza izingxenye ezicishe zibe yi-net anciphisa kakhulu isidingo semisebenzi yomshini elandelayo, okuholela ekongeni izindleko maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwezinto, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokucubungula ngemuva.
5 Ukuguquguquka Ekukhetheni Izinto
I-Sintering inikeza ukuguquguquka ekukhetheni izinto, ivumela uhla olubanzi lwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene. Ifaneleka ezintweni zobumba, izinsimbi, kanye nezinhlanganisela. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto, kufaka phakathi ama-oxide, ama-carbide, ama-nitride, kanye nama-alloy, zingacutshungulwa ngoku-sintering. Lokhu kuhambisana kwezinto ezibanzi kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezinezakhiwo ezithile zezinto, okwenza i-sintering ibe ukukhetha okukhangayo kwezimboni eziningi.
Izinzuzo ze-Sintering ekubunjweni okuyinkimbinkimbi, izakhiwo zemishini ezithuthukisiwe, ukwakheka kwezinto ezilungiselelwe wena, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinto kwenza kube inqubo yokukhiqiza ebalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinzuzo, izimboni zingafinyelela ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo, ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokonga izindleko ezinqubweni zazo zokukhiqiza.
Kunezinguquko eziningi ezihlanganisa izinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Ukusabela ngokomzimba namakhemikhali ekushiseni i-powder kufaka phakathi ukuhwamuka noma ukuhwamuka kwamanzi noma izinto eziphilayo, ukususwa kwamagesi afakwe emanzini, ukukhululeka ekucindezelekeni, ukunciphisa ama-oxide angaphezulu kwezinhlayiya ze-powder, ukufuduka kwezinto, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe, ukukhula kokusanhlamvu, njll. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda nokuqonda ulwazi lokushiseni njengomkhiqizi. Futhi njengomthengi, ukufunda lolu lwazi oluyisisekelo kungasenza sibe nomqondo omuhle lapho sikhetha imikhiqizo yokushiseni.
Ukuhlikihla kuyinqubo yendabuko neyinkimbinkimbi. Izikhathi ziyathuthuka, Futhi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza nakho kuvuselelwa njalo. Gcina ulwazi oluyisisekelo futhi ufunde ulwazi olusha luyadingeka kubasebenzi abahlobene nomkhakha. Eminyakeni eyi-18 eyedlule.I-HENGKOihlala iphikelela ekuzithuthukiseni njalo, ihlinzeka amakhasimende ngemikhiqizo emihle nezinsizakalo ezicabangelayo, isize amakhasimende kanye nentuthuko evamile. Sithemba ukuthi sizoba ngumlingani wakho othembekile wesikhathi eside.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Yiziphi izinto ezingashiswa?
Izinto eziningi zingashiswa, okuhlanganisa izinto zobumba, izinsimbi, kanye nezinhlanganisela. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izimpushana ze-ceramic ezifana ne-alumina ne-zirconia, izimpushana zensimbi ezifana nensimbi kanyeizihlungi zensimbi engagqwali ezisikiwe, kanye nezimpushana ezihlanganisiwe eziqukethe izinto zokuqinisa ezifana nemicu noma izinhlayiya.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-sintering uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza?
Ukuhlikihla kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana kunezindlela zokukhiqiza zendabuko. Kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, kunikeza izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini, kwenza kube lula ukwenza ngokwezifiso ukwakheka kwezinto, kuyabiza kakhulu ngenxa yokuncipha kokulahlwa kwezinto, futhi kwamukela izinto ezahlukahlukene zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-sintering?
I-Sintering ithola ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana ne-ceramics, i-metallurgy, i-powder metallurgy, i-electronics, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezengezo. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amathayili e-ceramic, izingxenye zezimoto, izingxenye zensimbi, amathuluzi okusika, i-ceramics kagesi, nezinto eziphrintiwe nge-3D, phakathi kwezinye.
Ingabe kukhona imikhawulo noma izinselele ngokucubungula?
Ukusinta kunemikhawulo ethile kanye nezinselele. Ukufinyelela ukuqina okufanayo kuyo yonke into kungaba yinselele, njengoba ukushisa okungalingani noma ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlayiya kungabangela amaphutha. Ukulawula ukukhula kokusanhlamvu nokuvimbela ukuncibilika ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokusinta nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona zonke izinto ezifanele ukusinta ngenxa yamaphuzu azo aphezulu okuncibilika noma ukusabela emoyeni ozungezile.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe bokuhlikihla?
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamasu okusinta, okuhlanganisa ukusinta okuqinile, ukusinta kwesigaba soketshezi, ukusinta okusebenzayo, ukusinta kwe-microwave, ukusinta okusizwa yingcindezi, kanye namasu akhethekile njengosinta we-laser okhethiwe (SLS) kanye nokusinta kwe-electron beam (EBS). Indlela ngayinye inezindlela zayo ezihlukile futhi ikhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zezinto kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Ukusila kuzithuthukisa kanjani izakhiwo zezinto zokwakha?
Ukusinta kuthuthukisa izakhiwo zezinto ngokuthuthukisa ukubopha kwezinhlayiya kanye nokuqina kwazo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusinta, izinhlayiya ziyasabalala, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwentamo kanye nokuqina okukhulu. Lokhu kuphumela ezicini ezithuthukisiwe zemishini ezifana namandla, ubulukhuni, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusinta kungaholela ezicini ezithuthukisiwe zikagesi, ukushisa, kanye namakhemikhali kuye ngokuthi izinto zinjani kanye nokwakheka kwazo.
Ingabe izingxenye ezisikiwe zingacutshungulwa ngomshini noma ziqhutshwe kabusha?
Yebo, izingxenye ezisikiwe zingacutshungulwa noma zifakwe imishini eyengeziwe, uma kudingeka. Nakuba ukushwibeka kungafeza izingxenye ezimise okwe-net, kungase kube nezimo lapho kudingeka khona ukushwibeka okwengeziwe noma ukushwibeka ngemva kokucubungula ukuze kufezwe izidingo ezifiselekayo. Izinqubo zokushwibeka ezifana nokugaya, ukubhoboza, noma ukugaya zingasetshenziswa ukuze kufezwe ubukhulu bokugcina noma ukuqeda ubuso.
Yiziphi izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe uma kuziwa emvelweni mayelana nokuhlanza?
Ukuhlikihla ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengenqubo yokukhiqiza enobungani nemvelo. Kusebenzisa amandla amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuncibilikisa nokuphonsa, futhi kunciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuvumela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezimpushana ezisele. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela umthelela wemvelo wezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenzisiwe, kanye nokuphathwa okufanele nokulahlwa kwanoma yimiphi imikhiqizo noma imfucuza ekhiqizwe ngesikhathi senqubo.
Ukusila kunomthelela kanjani ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe?
Ukusinta kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela nokulawula ukwakheka, usayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nemingcele yokusinta, kungenzeka ukulungisa izakhiwo zezinto eziphumayo. Lokhu kuvumela ukudalwa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe ezinezici ezithile, njenge-alloys esebenza kahle, izinto zobumba ezisebenzayo, noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezinezinhlanganisela ezihlukile zezakhiwo.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-14-2020
