Izinzwa ze-analog zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini esindayo, embonini elula, yendwangu, yezolimo, yokukhiqiza kanye neyokwakha, yemfundo yansuku zonke kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi, kanye neminye imikhakha. Inzwa ye-analog ithumela isignali eqhubekayo, ene-voltage, yamanje, yokumelana njll., usayizi wamapharamitha alinganisiwe. Isibonelo, inzwa yokushisa, inzwa yegesi, inzwa yokucindezela njalonjalo kuyinzwa evamile ye-analog quantity.
Inzwa yobuningi be-analog izophinde ihlangane nokuphazamiseka lapho ithumela amasignali, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezici ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa yi-electrostatic
Ukungeniswa kwe-electrostatic kungenxa yokuba khona kwe-parasite capacitance phakathi kwamasekethe amabili noma izingxenye zamagatsha, ukuze ishaja kwelinye igatsha idluliselwe kwelinye igatsha nge-parasite capacitance, ngezinye izikhathi eyaziwa nangokuthi i-capacitive coupling.
2, ukuphazamiseka kokungeniswa kwe-Electromagnetic
Uma kukhona ukuguquguquka okulinganayo phakathi kwezifunda ezimbili, izinguquko kumanje kwesinye isifunda zihlanganiswa nesinye ngensimu yamagnetic, into eyaziwa ngokuthi ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Lesi simo sivame ukuhlangana naso ekusetshenzisweni kwezinzwa, okudingeka sinake kakhulu.
3, Umkhuhlane ovuzayo kufanele uphazamise
Ngenxa yokufakwa komoya okungekuhle kwe-component bracket, i-terminal post, ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe, i-dielectric yangaphakathi noma igobolondo le-capacitor ngaphakathi kwesekethe kagesi, ikakhulukazi ukwanda komswakama endaweni yokusebenza yenzwa, ukumelana kokufakwa komoya kokufakwa komoya kuyancipha, bese kuthi ukuvuza kwamanje kukhuphuke, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuphazamiseka. Umphumela uba mubi kakhulu lapho ukuvuza kwamanje kugeleza esigabeni sokufaka sesekethe sokulinganisa.
4, ukuphazamiseka kokuphazamiseka kwemvamisa yomsakazo
Ngokuyinhloko ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuqala nokumiswa kwemishini yamandla amakhulu kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic okuphezulu.
5. Ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo
Ngokuyinhloko ibhekisela endaweni yokusebenza embi yesistimu, njengesihlabathi, uthuli, umswakama ophezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amakhemikhali kanye nezinye izindawo ezilukhuni. Endaweni enzima, kuzothinta kakhulu imisebenzi yenzwa, njengokuthi i-probe ivinjiwe uthuli, uthuli kanye nezinto ezincane, okuzothinta ukunemba kokulinganisa. Endaweni enomswakama ophezulu, umhwamuko wamanzi cishe ungangena ngaphakathi kwenzwa futhi ubangele umonakalo.
Khethaindlu yokuhlolwa kwensimbi engagqwali, eqinile, evikela ukushisa okuphezulu nokugqwala, futhi evikela uthuli namanzi ukugwema umonakalo wangaphakathi ku-sensor. Nakuba igobolondo le-probe lingangeni manzi, ngeke lithinte isivinini sokuphendula kwe-sensor, futhi ukugeleza kwegesi kanye nesivinini sokushintshana kuyashesha, ukuze kufezwe umphumela wokuphendula okusheshayo.
Ngengxoxo engenhla, siyazi ukuthi kunezici eziningi zokuphazamiseka, kodwa lezi zimane nje ziyi-generalization, eqondene nendawo ethile, engase ibe umphumela wezinhlobo ezahlukene zezici zokuphazamiseka. Kodwa lokhu akuthinti ucwaningo lwethu ngobuchwepheshe bokulwa nokujama kwe-analog sensor.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulwa nokujama kwe-analog sensor bunalokhu okulandelayo:
6. Ubuchwepheshe Bokuvikela
Izitsha zenziwe ngezinto zensimbi. Isekethe edinga ukuvikelwa iboshwe kuyo, engavimbela ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kwensimu kagesi noma yamagnetic. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvikela. Ukuvikela kungahlukaniswa ngokuvikela ngogesi, ukuvikela ngogesi kanye nokuvikela ngogesi okuphansi.
（1） Ukushibilika kwe-Electrostatic
Thatha ithusi noma i-aluminium kanye nezinye izinsimbi eziqhubayo njengezinto zokwakha, yenza isitsha sensimbi esivaliwe, bese uxhuma nentambo yomhlabathi, faka inani lesekethe elizovikelwa ku-R, ukuze insimu kagesi yokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle ingathinti isekethe yangaphakathi, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, insimu kagesi ekhiqizwa yisekethe yangaphakathi ngeke ithinte isekethe yangaphandle. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvikela kwe-electrostatic.
（2）Ukuvikela Ama-electromagnetic
Ngensimu yamagnetic yokuphazamiseka kwemvamisa ephezulu, umgomo wamandla kagesi e-eddy usetshenziselwa ukwenza insimu ye-electromagnetic yokuphazamiseka kwemvamisa ephezulu ikhiqize amandla kagesi ensimbi evikelwe, edla amandla ensimu yamagnetic yokuphazamiseka, kanti insimu yamagnetic yamandla kagesi e-eddy ikhansela insimu yamagnetic yokuphazamiseka kwemvamisa ephezulu, ukuze isekethe evikelwe ivikelwe ethonyeni lensimu yamagnetic yemvamisa ephezulu. Le ndlela yokuvikela ibizwa ngokuthi ukuvikela kagesi.
（3） Ukuvikela Okuphansi Kwemvamisa Kamagnetic
Uma kuyinsimu yamagnetic enemvamisa ephansi, isenzakalo samanje se-eddy asibonakali okwamanje, futhi umphumela wokulwa nokuphazamiseka awumuhle kakhulu ngokusebenzisa indlela engenhla kuphela. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokuqhuba amandla kagesi eziphezulu kumele zisetshenziswe njengesendlalelo sokuvikela, ukuze kuncishiswe umugqa wokungenisa amandla kagesi onemvamisa ephansi ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo sokuvikela amandla kagesi ngokumelana okuncane kwamandla kagesi. Isekethe evikelwe ivikelwe ekuphazamisekeni kokuxhuma kwamandla kagesi okuphansi. Le ndlela yokuvikela ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuvikela amandla kagesi okuphansi. Igobolondo lensimbi lethuluzi lokuthola inzwa lisebenza njengesivikelo samandla kagesi esiphansi. Uma lisekelwe kakhulu, liphinde lidlale indima yokuvikela amandla kagesi kanye nokuvikela amandla kagesi.
7. Ubuchwepheshe bokumisa isisekelo
Kungenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokucindezela ukuphazamiseka kanye nesiqinisekiso esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe bokuvikela. Ukusekela kahle kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, kuthuthukise ukuthembeka kohlelo lokuhlola, futhi kunciphise izici zokuphazamisa ezikhiqizwa uhlelo ngokwalo. Inhloso yokusekela ikabili: ukuphepha nokucindezela ukuphazamiseka. Ngakho-ke, ukusekela kuhlukaniswe ngokusekela okuvikelayo, ukusekela okuvikelayo kanye nokusekela okubonisa izimpawu. Ngenhloso yokuphepha, i-casing kanye ne-chassis yedivayisi yokulinganisa inzwa kufanele kusekelwe. Ukusekela okubonisa izimpawu kuhlukaniswe ngokusekela okubonisa izimpawu kanye nokusekela okubonisa izimpawu, isignali ye-analog ngokuvamile ibuthakathaka, ngakho izidingo zomhlaba ziphakeme; isignali yedijithali ngokuvamile inamandla, ngakho izidingo zomhlaba zingaba ziphansi. Izimo ezahlukene zokuthola izinzwa nazo zinezidingo ezahlukene endleleni eya emhlabathini, futhi indlela efanele yokusekela kumele ikhethwe. Izindlela ezivamile zokusekela zihlanganisa ukufaka isisekelo sephuzu elilodwa kanye nokusekela okunombono omningi.
(1) Ukubeka phansi ngephuzu elilodwa
Kumasekethe aphansi, ngokuvamile kunconywa ukusebenzisa isisekelo sephuzu elilodwa, esinomugqa wokusekela we-radial kanye nomugqa wokusekela webhasi. Isisekelo se-radiological sisho ukuthi isekethe ngayinye esebenzayo kusekethe ixhunywe ngqo nephuzu lokubhekisela le-zero potential ngezintambo. Isisekelo se-Busbar sisho ukuthi ama-conductor asezingeni eliphezulu anendawo ethile enqamulayo asetshenziswa njengebhasi lokusekela, elixhunywe ngqo kuphuzu le-zero potential. Isisekelo sebhulokhi ngayinye esebenzayo kusekethe singaxhunywa ebhasini eliseduze. Izinzwa namadivayisi okulinganisa akha uhlelo oluphelele lokuthola, kodwa angase aqhelelane kakhulu.
(2) Ukusekela phansi okunamaphoyinti amaningi
Amasekethe anemvamisa ephezulu ngokuvamile anconywa ukuthi asebenzise isisekelo samaphuzu amaningi. Imvamisa ephezulu, ngisho nesikhathi esifushane somhlabathi sizoba nokwehla okukhulu kwe-impedance voltage, kanye nomphumela we-capacitance esabalele, akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-earthing ibe yiphuzu elilodwa, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa indlela ye-flat type grounding, okungukuthi indlela ye-multipoint earthing, kusetshenziswa i-conductive enhle kuya ku-zero potential reference point emzimbeni wendiza, isekethe yemvamisa ephezulu ukuxhuma endizeni eseduze ye-conductive emzimbeni. Ngoba i-high frequency impedance yomzimba wendiza ye-conductive incane kakhulu, amandla afanayo endaweni ngayinye aqinisekisiwe ngokuyisisekelo, futhi i-bypass capacitor yengezwa ukunciphisa ukwehla kwe-voltage. Ngakho-ke, lesi simo kufanele sisebenzise imodi ye-multi-point grounding.
8.Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga
Isihlungi singenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokucindezela ukuphazamiseka kwemodi ye-AC serial. Amasekethe esihlungi avamile kusekethe yokuthola inzwa afaka isihlungi se-RC, isihlungi samandla se-AC kanye nesihlungi samandla samanje sangempela.
(1) Isihlungi se-RC: lapho umthombo wesiginali uyinzwa enokushintsha kwesignali okuhamba kancane njenge-thermocouple kanye ne-strain gage, isihlungi se-RC esingasebenzi esinevolumu encane kanye nezindleko eziphansi sizoba nomphumela ongcono wokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwemodi yochungechunge. Nokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izihlungi ze-RC zinciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwemodi yochungechunge ngezindleko zesivinini sokuphendula kwesistimu.
(2) Isihlungi samandla e-AC: inethiwekhi yamandla imunca umsindo ohlukahlukene ovame ukuvama nophansi, ovame ukusetshenziswa ukucindezela umsindo oxutshwe nesihlungi se-LC sokunikezwa kwamandla.
(3) Isihlungi samandla se-DC: Ukunikezwa kwamandla e-DC kuvame ukwabelwana ngamasekethe amaningana. Ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa amasekethe amaningana ngokumelana kwangaphakathi kokunikezwa kwamandla, isihlungi sokuhlukanisa i-RC noma i-LC kufanele sengezwe ekunikezelweni kwamandla e-DC kwesekethe ngayinye ukuze kuhlungwe umsindo ophansi.
9. Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa nge-Photoelectric
Inzuzo eyinhloko yokuxhumanisa nge-photoelectric ukuthi ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuphezulu kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka komsindo, ukuze isilinganiso sesiginali kuya komsindo enkambisweni yokudlulisa isignali sithuthuke kakhulu. Umsindo wokuphazamiseka, yize kunobubanzi obukhulu be-voltage, kodwa amandla mancane kakhulu, angakha kuphela ugesi obuthakathaka, kanti ingxenye yokufaka ye-photoelectric coupler ye-light ekhipha i-diode iwukusebenza ngaphansi kwesimo samanje, ugesi ojwayelekile ongumhlahlandlela ojwayelekile ongu-10 ma ~ 15 ma, ngakho-ke noma ngabe kunobubanzi obukhulu bokuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka ngeke kukwazi ukunikeza ugesi owanele futhi kucindezelwe.
Bheka lapha, ngikholwa ukuthi sinokuqonda okuthile ngezinto eziphazamisa inzwa ye-analog kanye nezindlela zokulwa nokuphazamiseka, uma kusetshenziswa inzwa ye-analog, uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka, ngokusho kokuqukethwe okungenhla, uphenyo ngalunye, ngokusho kwesimo sangempela, akumelwe kuthathwe izinyathelo, ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo kunzwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-25-2021
