Emphakathini wanamuhla, ujantshi wesitimela ohamba ngaphansi komhlaba uthuthuka ngokushesha futhi usuyizinto zokuhamba ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuze abantu bathathe uhambo olufushane. Izinzwa zemvelo zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu esitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba. Izinzwa zemvelo ezifanaIzinzwa zokushisa nomswakama, izinzwa ze-carbon dioxide kanye nezinzwa zothuli ze-PM2.5 zingaqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yomoya esiteshini esingaphansi komhlaba nasesiteshini esingaphansi komhlaba ihlala isesimweni esihle.
Isitimela esihamba ngaphansi komhlaba ngokuvamile singaphansi komhlaba, futhi ukuhamba kwabantu kukhulu kakhulu, ukuqapha ipharamitha yezemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu, okuhlobene nokuphepha nempilo yabantu. Isistimu yokulawula imvelo yesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba iyindlela ebalulekile yokugcina umoya ozinzile futhi ophephile esiteshini sesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba kanye nasendleleni ehamba ngaphansi. Phakathi kwazo, i-air conditioning kanye ne-ventilation system isebenza isikhathi eside futhi idla amandla amaningi, ibala cishe u-40% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla kuwo wonke umzila ongaphansi komhlaba.
Mhlawumbe sonke sinolwazi olunjalo: ngesikhathi sokugijima, lapho sigibela esitimeleni, sizozizwa sinesiyezi. Kungenxa ye-carbon dioxide eningi kanye ne-oxygen eyanele, okusenza sizizwe singakhululekile. Lapho umuntu emncane, ezizwa ebanda, abantu abaningi bangezwa indlela yokuvula isiphephetha-moya esikhulu kangaka, ukufa kwamakhaza. Eqinisweni, uhlelo lokulawula imvelo lomzila ongaphansi komhlaba ovamile uwuhlobo oluyisiwula nje oluqhubekayo lokupholisa kanye nomoya okhiphayo. Umthamo wokupholisa kanye namandla omoya wokuphuma kucishe kube njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma kunabantu abaningi, umphumela uzoba mubi, kodwa lapho abantu bembalwa, umphumela uzoba muhle kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zesimanje kwenza uhlelo lokulawula imvelo ongaphansi komhlaba luhlakaniphe futhi lube ngumuntu. Ingakwazi ukuqapha izinga lokushisa nomswakama, okuqukethwe kwe-CO2, i-PM2.5 kanye neminye imingcele endaweni yesitimela esingaphansi ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi ilungise ngobuhlakani umthamo wokupholisa kanye nokukhipha umoya womoya, ukuze kwakhiwe indawo ekhululekile yawo wonke umuntu. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukonga amandla wesistimu. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokulawula, ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zemvelo kumzila ohamba ngaphansi komhlaba kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zokushisa nomswakama endaweni yesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba
Ukugeleza kwabagibeli besitimela esingaphansi kukhulu futhi umthamo womoya omusha odingekayo uyahluka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umthwalo we-air conditioning wesitimela esihamba ngaphansi komhlaba uyashintsha kakhulu, ngakho ukonga amandla kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzilawula okuzenzakalelayo.
Mayelana nalokhu, izinzwa zokushisa zasendlini kanye nomswakama zingasethwa ehholo lesiteshi nendawo yesikhulumi yeziteshi ezingaphansi komhlaba, emgwaqweni ongaphansi komhlaba, igumbi lemishini ebalulekile nezinye izikhathi, ukuze kuqashwe izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sangempela kanye nomswakama wesiteshi. Ngokwalezi zinhlaka, isistimu yokulawula imvelo yesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba ingalungisa ngokunengqondo izimo zokusebenza zeziteshi ukuze zigcine lezi zindawo zisendaweni enethezekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingabuye iboniswe kubagibeli esikrinini, ukuze abagibeli baqonde izinga lokushisa lendawo yamanje kanye nomswakama.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CARBON dioxide izinzwa endaweni engaphansi komhlaba
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzwa ze-carbon dioxide zingafakwa egunjini lokubuya komoya leziteshi nasendleleni ehamba ngaphansi ukuze kuqashwe ukugcwala kwe-carbon dioxide eziteshini. Esiteshini, ngenxa yokuphefumula komuntu, ukuhlushwa kwe-carbon dioxide kuzokwanda. Uma ukugcwala kwe-carbon dioxide kunenani eliphezulu, izinga lomoya esiteshini samanje libeka usongo empilweni yabagibeli. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokulawula imvelo ongaphansi komhlaba lungalungisa ngesikhathi esifanele izimo zokusebenza endaweni yomphakathi yesiteshi ngokusho kwedatha eqoqwe inzwa ye-CARBON dioxide, ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga elihle lomoya esiteshini. Ngaleyo ndlela, ngeke sizizwe sinesiyezi ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa ye-PM2.5 endaweni yesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba
Ngokuvamile ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiyana ze-PM2.5 endlini nakho kubi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kunabantu abaningi kakhulu, kodwa kungabonakali, asikwazi ukuqonda isimo sakhona esithile, kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa ze-PM2.5 kuvumela abantu ukuthi babone i-PM2.5 esitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba ngokuqondile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isistimu yokulawula imvelo yesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba ingakwazi ukuqapha le mingcele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma seweqile umkhawulo, isistimu yokukhipha umoya ekhipha umoya noma yokuhlanza umoya ingaqalwa ngobuhlakani ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomoya esiteshini nasendleleni ehamba ngaphansi. Ngakho-ke, inzwa ye-PM2.5 nayo ibaluleke kakhulu, manje sinaka i-PM2.5, wonke umzila ongaphansi komhlaba uvame ukulinganiswa inani le-PM2.5, yiqiniso, uma kunesidingo sokukala i-PM1.0 ne-PM10.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-13-2020
