Kungakanani Okwaziyo Nge-Porous Material?

Izinto ezimbozekile zikhona yonke indawo, kusukela ethanjeni elisemzimbeni wakho kuya kusihlungi kumenzi wakho wekhofi.

Kodwa kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi into egcwele izimbobo ibaluleke kangaka? Impendulo ilele kumdanso oyinkimbinkimbi phakathi

impahla eqinile ngokwayo kanye nenethiwekhi enkulu yama-pores ngaphakathi kwayo. Lokhu kuhlangana kudala izici ezihlukile

eye yashintsha imikhakha ehlukahlukene njengemithi, ukugcinwa kwamandla, ngisho nokuhlola indawo.

Cabanga ngento egcwele amaphakethe amancane, imigudu engabonakali, nezimbotshana ezincane kakhulu. Lawa akuwona amaphutha

- ziyisici esichazayo sezinto ezinama-porous, futhi zibambe ukhiye wenombolo emangalisayo

intuthuko kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi osomkhathi bawuphefumula kanjani umoya ohlanzekile ku-International Space Station? Noma kanjani ososayensi

ingakha izinto zokwakha ezilula, eziqinile? Impendulo ingase ikumangaze - konke kuhlobene nokuphawulekayo

umhlaba wezinto ezinama-porous. Bopha, futhi ake singene kwisayensi ethokozisayo ngemuva kwalezi zimangaliso eziyi-hole-y!

Ziyini Izinto Ezinembobo?

Emgogodleni wabo, izinto ezinama-porous zimane ziyizinto ezigcwele izimbotshana - izikhala ezincane noma izikhala ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sazo.

Lezi zimbotshana zingahluka ngokuphawulekayo ngobukhulu, kusukela kuma-nanometers amancane (amabhiliyoni emitha) kuye enkulu.

imigodi engamamilimitha (izinkulungwane zemitha). Ubukhulu, ukuma, kanye nendlela lezi zimbotshana ezixhunywe ngayo zonke zidlala a

indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-porosity okufanele zicatshangelwe:

*Open-cell porosity:

Cabanga ngesipontshi. Lokho empeleni i-open-cell porosity.Ama-pores axhumene, avumela uketshezi

ukugeleza kalula kuzo. Izihlungi zekhofi,amagwebu, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zamathambo ziyizibonelo zezinto ezivulekile zeseli.

*I-closed-cell porosity:

Lapha, ama-pores angama-bubbles angawodwa ngaphakathi kwento eqinile, engaxhunywanga komunye nomunye. Cabanga nge

i-pumice stone – igcwele izimbobo, kodwa amanzi awakwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwazo. Polystyrene ukupakisha amantongomane kanye

amanye amadwala entaba-mlilo ayizibonelo zezinto ezivaliwe.

Ngokuqonda uhlobo nezici ze-porosity yezinto, ososayensi nonjiniyela bangaklama

izinto zokusebenza ezithile. Sizohlola ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani esigabeni esilandelayo!

Izinhlobo Zezinto Ezimbotshana

Umhlaba weizinto ezinama-porousinkulu futhi ihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zemvelo nezokwenziwa.

Nanka amazwibela kwezinye izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, ezihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kumsuka wazo noma ukwakheka kwazo:

Izinto Zemvelo Ezinezimbotshana:

Amatshe namaminerali:

Itshe lesandstone, i-pumice, nama-zeolite ezinye zezibonelo zamatshe avela ngokwemvelo.

Lezi zinto zithola ukusetshenziswa ekuhlungeni, ekuhlanganiseni ukwakhiwa, ngisho nodoti wekati ngenxa

ubukhulu bawo bembotshana obuhlukahlukene kanye nezindawo ezingaphezulu.

 

 

Izinto Zebhayoloji:

Ithambo, ukhuni, nokhokho konke kuyizinto zemvelo ezinama-porous ezinezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele. Ithambo, isibonelo,

inesakhiwo se-open cell esiyinkimbinkimbi esinikeza amandla nokuguquguquka, kuyilapho i-porosity yokhuni ivumela

ukuze kuthuthwe amanzi nezakhi ezitshalweni.

 

 

Izinto Zokwenziwa Zezimbotshana:

Amapholimeri:

Amagwebu e-polymeric afana ne-polyurethane ne-polystyrene asetshenziselwa kakhulu ukupakisha, ukwahlukanisa,

kanye ne-cushion ngenxa yesakhiwo samaseli avaliwe abamba umoya.

 

 

I-polyurethane foam

 

 

I-Ceramics:

Lezi zinto ezibunjiwe zingaklanywa ngesakhiwo se-pore esilawulwayo, sizenze zilungele

izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nolwelwesi lokuhlunga, ama-catalyst, namaseli kaphethiloli.

I-Ceramic filtration membrane

 

Izinsimbi:

Izinsimbi ezinama-Porous zithola amandla ezindaweni ezifana nezinto zokwakha ezingasindi kanye nezifakelo ze-biomedical

ngenxa yesilinganiso esiphakeme samandla-kuya-isisindo kanye nekhono lokulungisa i-porosity yabo ngezidingo ezithile.

Insimbi enezimbotshana

I-Metal-Organic Frameworks (ama-MOF):

Lezi zinto zokwenziwa komklami ziyizimangaliso zokwenziwa ezinokwakheka kwezimbotshana ezihleleke kakhulu futhi ezifundekayo.

Banamandla amakhulu ekugcineni igesi, ukuhlukana, nokulethwa kwezidakamizwa.

I-Metal Organic Framework (MOF)

Lezi zinto ezinezimbobo esizibalulile ziyisampula nje yezwe elihlukahlukene lezinto ezimbotshana.

Izakhiwo Zezinto Ezinembobo

Inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yesikhala esiqinile nesingenalutho ezintweni ezimbotshana zibanikeza uhla lwezakhiwo

ezibenza babe yigugu kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Ake singene kwezinye zezinto ezibalulekile zomzimba, zemishini,

kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali zezinto ezinama-porous:

Izakhiwo Zomzimba:

Ukuminyana:

Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-pores, izinto ezimbotshana ngokuvamile aziminyene kakhulu kunozakwabo abangenazo izimbotshana.

Lokhu kubenza babe lula, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezifana nobunjiniyela be-aerospace kanye nokwakhiwa.

Impahla enezimbotshana ezincane eziminyene uma iqhathaniswa nezinto eziminyene ezingenambobo

 

*Iphesenti le-Porosity:

Leli nani limelela ivolumu ye-voids ngaphakathi kwento eqhathaniswa nevolumu yayo yonke. Amaphesenti aphezulu abonisa ukwakheka kwembotshana evulekile futhi exhumene.

*Ukuvumeleka:

Lesi sakhiwo sisho ikhono lempahla lokuvumela uketshezi (amagesi noma uketshezi) ukuthi ludlule ezimbotsheni zayo. Ubukhulu bembotshana, umumo, kanye nokuxhumana kunomthelela kakhulu ekungeneni.

Izici zikaMechanical:

*Amandla:

Ukuba khona kwezimbotshana kwesinye isikhathi kunganciphisa amandla ento yonke.

Kodwa-ke, ubunjiniyela obuhlakaniphile besakhiwo se-pore bungadala izinto ezinama-porous nge

izilinganiso ezimangazayo zamandla nesisindo, okubenza babe yigugu ekwakhiweni okungasindi.

*I-Elasticity:

Lesi sakhiwo sinquma ukuthi ingakanani impahla engakhubaza ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi ibuyele kukho

ukuma kwayo kwasekuqaleni. I-porosity ingathonya ukunwebeka ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuye ngokuthi

impahla kanye ne-pore isakhiwo.

Izakhiwo Zekhemikhali:

*Ukuphinda kwenziwe:

Indawo ephezulu eyenziwe ngama-pores ingabenza basebenze kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezingezona izimbotshana.

Lokhu kunenzuzo ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-catalysis, lapho indawo eyengeziwe ikhuthaza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali.

*Ukumelana:

Izinto ezinama-porous zingalungiswa ukuze zimelane nezakhi ezithile noma amakhemikhali. Ngokwesibonelo,ezinye ze-ceramics ezinama-porous

bonisa ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu, okubenza bafanelekele izicelo zokushisa okuphezulu.

Ngokuqonda lokhu kusebenzisana kwezakhiwo, ososayensi nonjiniyela bangakwazi ukuklama izinto ezimbozekile

izidingo ezithile. Esigabeni esilandelayo, sizobona ukuthi lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kanjani ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene!

Izinzuzo kanye Nezinselele Zezinto Ezinembobo

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinama-porous zinikeza isethi ehlukile yezinzuzo ezizenza zibe yigugu kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Nakhu ukubheka ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile:

*Indawo ephezulu:

Inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yama-pores idala indawo enkulu ngaphakathi kwevolumu encane. Lokhu kunenzuzo ezinqubweni ezifana nokuhlunga, i-adsorption, kanye ne-catalysis, lapho indawo engaphezulu ekhulisiwe ithuthukisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo noketshezi/amagesi.

*Isilula:

Ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-pores, izinto ezimbotshana ngokuvamile zilula kunozakwabo abangenazo izimbotshana. Lokhu kubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezinjengobunjiniyela be-aerospace kanye nezimoto ezonga uphethiloli lapho ukunciphisa isisindo kuwumgomo omkhulu.

*Izici zokugeleza ezilawulwayo:

Usayizi, umumo, kanye nokuxhumana kwezimbotshana kungenziwa ngendlela efanele ukulawula ukuthi uketshezi lugeleza kanjani ezintweni. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlunga okunembile, ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa okulawulwayo, nokuhlukaniswa kwegesi okusebenzayo.

*Izakhiwo ezifanelekayo:

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zingenziwa zibe yizimbotshana, futhi isakhiwo se-pore ngokwaso singakhiwa ukuze kuzuzwe izakhiwo ezithile. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuvumela ososayensi ukuthi bakhe izinto zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.

Kodwa-ke, izinto ezinama-porous nazo ziza nezinselele ezithile:

*Amandla:

Ukuba khona kwama-pores kunganciphisa amandla aphelele wento. Ukunciphisa lokhu kudinga ukuklama ngokucophelela kanye namasu okucubungula.

*Ukuphuka:

Ama-pores angasebenza njengamaphoyinti okugxilisa ingcindezi, okwenza okubalulekile kube lula ukuqhekeka noma ukuphuka ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu.

*Ubunzima bokukhiqiza:

Ukudala isakhiwo se-pore esifunayo kungaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga amasu okukhiqiza akhethekile, angandisa izindleko.

Ukusetshenziswa Okukhethekile Kwezinsimbi Ezingenasici Zensimbi Engenasici

Sintered insimbi engagqwaliizinto ezinama-porous ziwuhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezimbozwe nge-porous ezinezinzuzo ezihlukile:

*Amandla aphezulu nokuqina:

I-Sintering, inqubo yokukhiqiza, idala izibopho eziqinile phakathi kwezinhlayiya zensimbi engagqwali, okuholela entweni eqinile futhi ehlala isikhathi eside.

*Ukumelana nokugqwala:

Insimbi engagqwali inikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, okwenza lezi zinto zilungele izindawo ezinokhahlo noma izinto ezifaka uketshezi.
*I-Biocompatibility: Amamaki athile ensimbi engagqwali ahambisana ne-biocompatible, okusho ukuthi angatshalwa ngokuphepha emzimbeni womuntu. Lokhu kuvula iminyango yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-biomedical njengezihlungi noma izimila zethambo.

*Isakhiwo se-pore esivumelanayo:

Usayizi nokusatshalaliswa kwezimbotshana kunsimbi engagqwali e-sintered kungalawulwa, okuvumela ukuhlungwa okunembile noma ukusatshalaliswa koketshezi.

Lezi zakhiwo zenza insimbi engagqwali e-sintered i-porous materials ibe yigugu ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

*Ukuhlunga:

Zisetshenziswa kabanzi kuzihlungi zezimboni zeuketshezi namagesi, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezidinga amandla aphezulu nokuqina.

*Ukusabalalisa uketshezi:

I-porosity yabo elawulwayo ivumela ukusatshalaliswa okulinganayo koketshezi ezinqubweni ezifana ne-chromatography noma amaseli kaphethiloli.

*Abathulisi:

Isakhiwo sezimbotshana eziyinkimbinkimbi singadambisa ngempumelelo amaza omsindo, siwenze abe usizo ezinhlelweni zokunciphisa umsindo.

*Ukufakwa kwe-Biomedical:

Imvelo ye-biocompatible yamabanga athile iwenza afanelekele izimila zamathambo noma izinsiza zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa.

Inhlanganisela yamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nesakhiwo sezimbotshana esiguqulekayo kwenza izinto ezimbotshana zensimbi engenasici zibe yimpahla ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okufunwa kakhulu okuhlukahlukene.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezinezimbobo: Umhlaba Wezimbobo Ezisebenzayo

Izakhiwo ezihlukile zezinto ezinombobo ziholele ekusetshenzisweni okuningi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.

Nanka amazwibela okuthi lezi zimangaliso ze-hole-y zisebenza kanjani:

Izicelo zezimboni:

Amasistimu Wokuhlunga:

Ukusuka kuzihlungi zekhofi kuya kuzihlungi ezinkulu zezimboni, izinto ezimbobozelayo zibalulekile ekuhlukaniseni okufiswayo

izingxenye ezivela kungxube. Usayizi wabo we-pore olawulwayo ubavumela ukuthi babambe izinhlayiya ezingafuneki ngenkathi

ukuvumela uketshezi olufunayo ludlule.

Isihlungi sekhofi

I-Catalyst isekela:

Ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali, ama-catalysts asheshisa inqubo. Izinto ezinama-porous ezinendawo ephezulu zinikeza

inkundla yalezi zikhuthazi, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo ezinqubweni ezehlukene zezimboni.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwansuku zonke:

I-Insulation:

Umoya ovaleleke ngaphakathi kwezimbotshana zezinto ezifana ne-fiberglass noma igwebu usebenza njengesivikelo esikhulu,

ukugcina amakhaya ethu efudumele ebusika futhi epholile ehlobo.

 

Ukufakwa kwe-fiberglass

Ukumuncwa komsindo:

Izinto ezinezimbobo ezifana namaphaneli e-acoustic noma amagwebu avimbela umsindo zinamandla okwenza

amunce amaza omsindo, umsindo odambisayo nokudala indawo ethulile.

Iphaneli ye-Acoustic

Izicelo Ezisezingeni Eliphansi:

Ubunjiniyela Bezokwelashwa:

Izinto ezinombobo ziguqula lo mkhakha. Isibonelo, kusetshenziselwa ama-scaffold ama-porous

ubunjiniyela bezicubu, obuhlinzeka ngesakhiwo samaseli amasha azokhula kuwo, kanye nokulethwa kwezidakamizwa okunezimbotshana

amasistimu angakhipha imithi ngendlela elawulwayo.

 

 

I-scaffold enezimbotshana zobunjiniyela bezicubu

I-Aerospace:

Isidingo sezinto ezingasindi kodwa eziqinile sibalulekile kubunjiniyela be-aerospace.

Izinsimbi ezinezimbotshana ziyahlolwa ukuze zithole amandla azo okudala izingxenye zendiza ezilula

ngaphandle kokuyekethisa amandla.

Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje - ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinama-porous kuhluke ngempela futhi

njalo kuvela. Njengoba ososayensi beqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha nezintsha nge

izakhiwo ze-pore ezilawulwayo, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwawo ngokungangabazeki azoqhubeka nokukhula!

Isiphetho

Njengoba sihlole le bhulogi kuyo yonke le bhulogi, izinto ezimboza izimbotshana azijabulisi nje ngokwesayensi

umbono kodwa futhi iguquguquka ngendlela emangalisayo futhi ibalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimboni.

Kusukela ku-sponginess yemvelo yezinto eziphilayo ezifana nokhuni nethambo kuya ku-porosity eyenziwe kakhulu

ku-ceramics nezinsimbi, lezi zinto zidlala indima ebalulekile emikhiqizweni yansuku zonke kanye nokusika

ubuchwepheshe ngokufanayo.

Masiqhubeke sihlole futhi sisungule ngezinto ezimbotshana, sivule izixazululo ezintsha futhi

amathuba angaguqula umhlaba wethu. I-Especial Porous Sintered isihlungi sensimbi engagqwali, uma

Unentshisekelo yokwazi imininingwane eyengeziwe, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana no-HENGKO nge-imeyili

ka@hengko.comnoma njengefomu elilandelayo.