Kungani Ukuhluzwa Kwegesi Kubalulekile Ekukhiqizweni Kwe-Semiconductors?

Ekwenziweni kwe-semiconductor, ngisho nokungcola okuncane kakhulu okubangelwa igesi kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-wafer,

ukulahlekelwa kwesivuno, kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi kwethuluzi esingahleliwe.Ukuhlunga igesingakho-ke akuyona nje ingxenye esekelayo

—kuyisivikelo esibalulekile esivikela ukuzinza kwenqubo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza isikhathi eside.

Njengoba okulandelayo, sizochaza ukuthi kungani ukuhlunga igesi kubalulekile kuma-semiconductor fabs, ukuthi yiziphi izingozi ezisiza ekuqedeni, nokuthi onjiniyela, ama-OEM, kanye namaqembu okuthenga bangenza kanjani izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho bekhetha izixazululo zokuhlunga igesi ezifanele izinqubo zabo.

Indima Efihliwe Yokuhlanzeka Kwegesi Ekukhiqizweni Kwe-Semiconductor

Ukucabanga okuvamile ngesikhathi sokuthengwa kwesigaba sokuqala ukuthi amagesi e-UHP ahlanzekile kakhulu (ultra-high-purity) anikezwa abathengisi abaqinisekisiwe “ahlanzekile ngokwanele” futhi awadingi ukuhluzwa okwengeziwe.

Eqinisweni, ubumsulwa begesi lapho ukulethwa kumane kuyisiqalo—hhayi isimo sokugcina esitholakala ngaphakathi kwamathuluzi e-semiconductor.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor yesimanje kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo zamagesi enqubo ebalulekile, okuhlanganisa:

•I-nitrogen

•I-hydrogen

•I-Argon

•Amagesi akhethekile asetshenziswa ekuqopheni

•Ukususwa esikhundleni

•Izinqubo zokusebenzisa i-doping

Nakuba la magesi angahlangabezana nezimiso ze-UHP lapho ephuma kumhlinzeki, ukungcola kungangeniswa ngokushesha nje lapho igesi ingena engqalasizinda enhle—ngamapayipi, amavalvu, izinto zokufaka, izilawuli zokucindezela, kanye nokuxhumeka kwamathuluzi okuphindaphindiwe.

Ngisho namazinga okulandelelaizinhlayiya, umswakama, noma izinsalela zamakhemikhalikungathinta kabi ukuzinza kwenqubo.

Ukuhlanzeka kabi kwegesi kuholela ekwandeni kwamazinga okukhubazeka, ukwehla kwesivuno se-wafer, kanye nokuziphatha kwamathuluzi okungalindelekile, ekugcineni kukhuphula izindleko zobunikazi. Yingakho ukuhlunga igesi okuphumelelayo kuyisici esiyinhloko sokulawula ukungcola ekukhiqizweni kwe-semiconductor, kuvala igebe phakathi kwemininingwane yokuhlinzekwa kwegesi kanye nezimo zefashini zangempela.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokungcola ezisongela izinqubo ze-semiconductor?

Uma kuxoxwa ngokuhlunga igesi, amaqembu amaningi okuthenga aqale agxile kuphelausayizi wezinhlayiya.

Kodwa-ke, izinqubo ze-semiconductor zizwela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokungcola, futhi ukunganaki ukungcola okungeyona inhlayiya kungaholela ezingozini zenqubo ezifihliwe kanye nokulahlekelwa kwesivuno kwesikhathi eside.

1. Izinhlayiya: Ingozi Ebonakala Kakhulu

Izinhlayiya ze-sub-micron zingenye yezimbangela eziqondile kakhulu zokukhubazeka kwe-wafer.

Uma sezifakwe kumagesi enqubo, lezi zinhlayiya zingahlala ezindaweni ze-wafer, ziphazamise ukwakheka kwefilimu encane, noma zidale amaphutha endaweni ethile ngesikhathi sezinyathelo ze-lithography kanye ne-etching.

Umehluko phakathiUkuhlunga okungu-0.1 µm kanye no-0.01 µmakuyona into eyenzeka ngesivinini—ivame ukuba yinto enqumayo.

Nakuba izihlungi ezingama-0.1 µm zingase zibambe imfucumfucu emikhulu, izinhlayiya ezincane zisengangena kuma-node enqubo ethuthukisiwe, lapho ubukhulu bezici buqhubeka nokuncipha. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ngisho nenhlayiya eyodwa ephunyukile ingahumushela ekulahlekelweni kwesivuno okulinganiselwe noma ezinkingeni zokuthembeka ezingezansi.

2. Ukungcola komswakama, uwoyela kanye namakhemikhali

Akuzona zonke izinto ezingcolisayo ezibonakalayo. Umswakama olandelanayo ungathinta kakhulu izinqubo ze-ALD, CVD, kanye nokuqopha ngokushintsha i-kinetics yokusabela, ukufana kwefilimu, kanye nokuphindaphindeka. Ezinyathelweni ezithinta umswakama, ngisho namazinga ezingxenye ngebhiliyoni anganelisa ukubangela ukukhukhuleka kwenqubo.

Inkungu kawoyela kanye nezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ngokuvamile zivela kuma-compressor, ama-valve, ama-seal, kanye nezingxenye zokuphatha igesi ezingenhla. Lezi zingcolisi zingase zingabangeli izixwayiso ezisheshayo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingaba noshevu kuma-catalyst, zingcolise amakamelo, futhi zandise imvamisa yokulungisa—ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwembangela ecacile.

3. Ukuqonda Okubalulekile Kokuthengwa Kwempahla

? "Yini ngempela esiyihlungayo—futhi encane ihlale ingcono?"

Ukuhlunga igesi okuphumelelayo akukhona ukukhetha isilinganiso esincane kakhulu se-micron esitholakalayo.

Kumayelanaukuqonda iphrofayili ephelele yokungcola—izinhlayiya, umswakama, kanye nokungcola kwamakhemikhali

—futhi kukhethwa isu lokuhlunga elivikela ukukhiqiza kanye nokuqina kwamathuluzingaphandle kokwethula okweqile

ukwehla kwengcindezi noma ubunzima besistimu.

Indlela Ukungcoliswa Kwegesi Okuthinta Ngayo Isivuno, Izindleko Nokuthembeka Kwamathuluzi

Ukungcoliswa kwegesi kuvame ukubhekwa njengokukhathazeka kobuchwepheshe, kodwa ekukhiqizweni kwe-semiconductor kusheshe kukhule kube yinkinga ebalulekile ebhizinisini.

Ngisho nesenzakalo esisodwa sokungcola singabangela ukusabela kochungechunge lokulahlekelwa okudlulela ngale kakhulu kwezindleko zesihlungi segesi uqobo.

Isigameko sokungcola singase siholele ekuqhekekeni kwe-wafer, lapho wonke amaqoqo kufanele alahlwe ngenxa yokukhubazeka okubangelwa yizinhlayiya noma ukungazinzi kwenqubo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amathuluzi athintekile avame ukudinga isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe sokuhlolwa, ukuhlanza amakamelo, kanye nokufaneleka, okuphazamisa amashejuli okukhiqiza kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezintsha. Ezimweni ezingacacile, ukungcola kuholela ekusebenzeni kabusha kanye nokulahlekelwa kancane kancane kwesivuno, lapho ukukhubazeka kwanda kancane futhi izimbangela eziyinhloko kunzima ukuzilandela.

Uma kubhekwa kulo mongo, ezomnotho ziyacaca. Izindleko zokuhlunga igesi zincane uma kuqhathaniswa nokulahlekelwa okungenzeka okuhlobene nama-wafer alahliwe, isikhathi samathuluzi esilahlekile, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo esengozini. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kakhulu ekuhlungeni igesi okufanele kusebenza njengesivikelo ezingozini zokusebenza ezinkulu nezezezimali ezingalingani.

Umbono Wokuthengwa Kwempahla

"Izihlungi zegesi azizona izindleko ezingasetshenziswa—ziyizingxenye zokulawula ubungozi."

Kumaqembu okuthenga nokuthola igesi, ukuhlunga igesi okusebenzayo akufanele kuhlolwe ngentengo yeyunithi kuphela, kodwa ngekhono layo lokuvikela isivuno, ukuzinzisa amathuluzi, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuphila wokukhiqiza.

Lapho Ukuhlunga Igesi Kubaluleke Kakhulu Ngaphakathi Kwe-Semiconductor Fab

Ukuqonda ukuthi ukuhlunga igesi kusetshenziswa kuphi ngaphakathi kwe-semiconductor fab kubaluleke njengokuqonda ukuthi yini ehlungwayo. Izingozi zokungcoliswa ziyahlukahluka kulo lonke uhlelo lokulethwa kwegesi, futhi ukuhlunga okuphumelelayo kudinga indlela ehlukaniswe ngezingqimba kunokuba kube yindawo eyodwa yokuhlunga.

Imizila Kaphethiloli Eningi

Imigqa yegesi eningi yakha umgogodla wesistimu yokusatshalaliswa kwegesi ephakathi ye-fab. Nakuba le migqa yenzelwe ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, ukungcola kusengangeniswa ngokusebenzisa amapayipi amade, abalawuli bokucindezela, ama-valve, kanye nemisebenzi yokulungisa. Izinhlayiya ezikhiqizwa phezulu zingahamba amabanga amade futhi ziqongelelene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwenza ukuhlunga okukhulu kube yisithiyo sokuqala esidingekayo ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo wokungcola ophelele ongena ku-fab.

Ukuhlunga Kwendawo Yokusebenzisa (POU)

Ukuhlunga indawo okusetshenziswa kuyo ngokuvamile kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzivikela. Uma kufakwa ngaphambi nje kokuba igesi ingene ethuluzini lenqubo, izihlungi ze-POU zivikela ekungcoleni okukhiqizwa ngaphansi kohlelo olukhulu, okuhlanganisa:

•Izinhlayiya ezikhishwe ezifakweni

•Izimbonakaliso

•Ukuxhumeka kwemitha yokugcina

Ngokombono wokulawula inqubo, izihlungi ze-POU zinikeza izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokunciphisa ubungozi, njengoba ziqinisekisa ubumsulwa begesi lapho kubaluleke khona kakhulu—ekungeneni kwamathuluzi. Yingakho izinqubo ze-semiconductor ezithuthukisiwe zivame ukucacisa izilinganiso ze-micron ezincane ezingeni le-POU.

Amathuluzi Okucubungula kanye Nezixhumi Zokusebenza

Ekuxhumekeni phakathi kohlelo lokulethwa kwegesi kanye nemishini yenqubo, ukuhambisana nezidingo zamathuluzi e-OEM kuba yinto ebalulekile. Izihlungi kumele zihambisane nokuxhumeka okucacisiwe, amazinga okugeleza, imikhawulo yokucindezela, kanye nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka ukuze kugwenywe ukuletha ukuphazamiseka, ukwehla kokucindezela, noma izingozi zokufakwa.

Kubakhiqizi bemishini kanye nefektri ngokufanayo, ukuhlunga kulezi zindawo zokuhlangana akuphathelene nobumsulwa kuphela, kodwa futhi kumayelana nokuhlanganiswa, ukuthembeka, kanye nokusebenza okuphindaphindwayo kuwo wonke amathuluzi kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza.

Umbuzo Ovamile Wokuthengwa Kwempahla

? "Kukuphi ohlelweni okufanele sifake khona izihlungi, futhi yiziphi izincazelo ezidingekayo endaweni ngayinye?"

Impendulo incike engcupheni yokungcola, ukuzwela kwenqubo, kanye nomklamo wesistimu. Isu lokuhlunga igesi eliklanywe kahle lilinganisela ukuvikelwa okukhulu, ukunemba kwendawo yokusetshenziswa, kanye nokuhambisana kwemishini ukuze kulethwe ubumsulwa begesi obuhambisanayo kuyo yonke indwangu.

Imibuzo Emithathu Ebalulekile Okufanele Uyibuze Ngaphambi Kokukhetha Isihlungi Segesi

Ukukhetha isihlungi segesi se-semiconductor akuyona into elula yokucacisa—kudinga ukuqonda okucacile ngengozi yenqubo, izidingo zesicelo, kanye nomthelela wokusebenza wesikhathi eside. Ukubuza imibuzo efanele kusenesikhathi kusiza amaqembu okuthenga agweme ubunjiniyela obudlulele, ukungavikeleki kahle, kanye nokungalingani kwabahlinzeki.

1. Ukuqonda Umkhiqizo: Yini Esiyidingayo Ngempela?

Omunye wemibuzo yokuqala abathengi abayibuzayo ukuthi ukuhlunga kufanele kube kuhle kangakanani. Isilinganiso se-micron esidingekayo sincike ekuzweleni kwenqubo, usayizi wama-node, kanye nezidingo zamathuluzi. Izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe zivame ukudinga ukuhlunga okungaphansi kwe-micron noma okuphansi kakhulu, kanti izigaba eziphezulu zingase zibekezelele amazinga amakhulu.

Akuzona zonke izinqubo ze-semiconductor ezinengozi efanayo yokungcola. Amathuluzi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zingadinga amazinga ahlukene okuhlunga, okwenza ikhambi elilodwa "elifanela bonke ngosayizi owodwa" lingasebenzi kahle noma libe yingozi.

Elinye iphuzu elivamile lokudideka ukuthi ngabeizihlungi zegesi kanye nezihlanzi zegesiziyashintshana.

Izihlungi zenzelwe ukususa izinhlayiya kanye nokungcola okuthile okubonakalayo, kuyilapho izihlanzi zihlose ukungcola kwezinga lama-molecule. Ezinhlelweni eziningi ezibalulekile, ziyahambisana kunokuba zihlukanise.

2. Izindlela Zokukhetha: Siyikhetha Kanjani Imininingwane Efanele?

Ukukhetha isilinganiso se-micron esincane kunokudingekile kungase kubonakale kuphephile, kodwa ukuhlunga ngokweqile kungaletha ukwehla kwengcindezi okungafuneki, okuthinta ukuzinza kokugeleza kwegesi kanye nokusebenza kwamathuluzi.

Isihlungi esifanelekile silinganisela ukulawulwa kokungcola nokusebenza kahle kohlelo.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Izihlungi zensimbi engagqwali ezisikiwe kanye nezinsimbi ezinezimbobo ziyahlukahluka ngamandla omshini, ukuhlanzeka, kanye nokuphila kwesevisi. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele kuthinta ngqo ubude besikhathi sesihlungi, imijikelezo yokugcinwa, kanye nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi.

Izinga lokugeleza kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi kumele kuhlolwe njalo ngokomongo wesistimu ethile yegesi.

Isihlungi esisebenza kahle ephepheni singase siphazamise ukuzinza kwenqubo uma la mapharamitha engalingani kahle.

3.Ukufaneleka Kohlelo Lokusebenza: Ingabe Kuzosebenza Esistimu Yethu?

Ngale kwemininingwane, abathengi kumele baqinisekiseukuhambisana kohlelo lokusebenza.

Izihlungi kufanele zifanele amagesi athile asetshenziswayo—njenge-nitrogen, i-hydrogen, i-argon, noma amagesi akhethekile

—ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha noma ukusebenza.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayoukuhlanganiswa namathuluzi e-OEM kanye nezinhlelo zokulethwa kwegesi.

Ikhono lokwenza ngokwezifiso ukuxhumeka, ubukhulu, kanye nezici zokugeleza liqinisekisa ukufakwa okungenamthungo futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlanganiswa. Kwabakhiqizi befektri ye-semiconductor kanye nemishini, leli zinga lokulingana livame ukuba yisici esinqumayo ekukhetheni abaphakeli.

Amaphutha Avamile Ekuthengweni Kwesihlungi Segesi Semiconductor

Ngesikhathiisihlungi segesi se-semiconductorukuthengwa kwempahla, izingozi eziningi aziveli ezindlekweni, kodwa ekungapheleleni

ukuhlolwa kanye nokucabanga okungalungile. Ithebula elingezansi liqokomisa amaphutha okuthenga avamile, izingozi zawo ezifihliwe, kanye nendlela efanele yokwenza izinqumo ukusiza abathengi bagweme amaphutha abizayo.

Uhlu olufushane olu-3 lokuhlola abahlinzeki besihlungi segesi se-semiconductor

Ukukhetha umhlinzeki wesihlungi segesi se-semiconductor kuyintoisinqumo sokuphathwa kwezingozi, hhayi nje umsebenzi wokubeka amanani.

Ngale kwemininingwane, abathengi kufanele bagxile ekuqondeni ubuchwepheshe, ekuziphatheni kokukhiqiza, kanye nokusekelwa kwe-OEM yesikhathi eside.

Okufanele Ukubheke Kumhlinzeki

1. Amandla Obuchwepheshe Umhlinzeki ofanelekayo uyaziqonda izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-semiconductor futhi anganikeza idatha yokuhlola, ukwesekwa kokuqinisekisa, kanye nezincomo zezinga lesicelo, hhayi nje amashidi edatha omkhiqizo.

2. Ukukhiqiza Nokulawula Ikhwalithi Ukungaguquguquki kubalulekile. Abathengi kufanele bahlole ukuzinza kwezinto, izinqubo zokuhlanza nokuhlanzeka, kanye nokuphindaphindeka kwe-batch-to-batch, konke okuthinta ngqo ubumsulwa begesi kanye nokuthembeka kwamathuluzi.

3. Ukwenza Ngokwezifiso Nokusekelwa kwe-OEM Izinhlelo eziningi ze-semiconductor zidinga okungaphezu kwezingxenye ezijwayelekile. Ikhono lokwenza ngokwezifiso izixhumi, ubukhulu, amazinga okugeleza, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nokusekela ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini, kubalulekile—ikakhulukazi kuma-OEM amathuluzi.

Isibonelo Somhlinzeki: HENGKO

I-HENGKOingumkhiqizi wezihlungi zegesi ze-semiconductor ezihlanzekile kakhulu ezigxile kakhuluIzixazululo ze-OEM nezenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Le nkampani igxile emikhiqizweni yokuhlunga insimbi engagqwali efakwe i-sintered kanye ne-metal enezimbobo eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ye-UHP.

Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka:

•

Umklamo wokuhlunga oqhutshwa uhlelo lokusebenza wezinhlelo zegesi ze-semiconductor

•

Izinqubo zokukhiqiza nezokuhlanza ezilawulwayo ukuze kube nokuvumelana okuphezulu

•

UqinileIkhono lokwenza ngokwezifiso le-OEM, kufaka phakathi izixhumanisi, usayizi wembobo, kanye nezici zokugeleza

Kwabakhiqizi bezinto zokwenziwa kanye nemishini, abahlinzeki abanjengoHENGKO abameli nje umthombo wezinto, kodwa umlingani wokuhlunga wesikhathi eside osekela ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor okuzinzile nokunwebekayo.