Ubuchwepheshe buye bandisa izinhlobo eziningi zamandla abantu, kanti inzwa iye yandisa ububanzi bokubona kwabantu. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe besimanje. Kunesidingo esikhulu se-IoT, i-big data, ubuchwepheshe be-cloud computing njalo njalo. Busetshenziswa kabanzi kwezomnotho, isayensi nobuchwepheshe bokuvikela kazwelonke, indlela yokuphila yabantu kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izindawo.
Ukuqonda Izinzwa Nenhloso Yazo
Kuyindawo enabantu abaningi abanezinhlobo eziningi zezinzwa. Kusukela kuzinzwa zokushisa ezithobekile kuya ezinhlelweni ze-LiDAR eziyinkimbinkimbi, zonke zinendima ehlukile ezweni lethu eliqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, isinyathelo sokuqala sokukhetha inzwa efanele ukuqonda ukuthi zenzani.
Izinzwa zingamehlo nezindlebe zamadivayisi ethu, zinikeza idatha ebalulekile evela emhlabeni ongokoqobo. Ziqapha izici zemvelo, zibona izinguquko, futhi zidlulisela lolu lwazi kwezinye izingxenye zesistimu. Ukuthi iyiphi inzwa oyikhethayo incike kakhulu kulokho ofuna ukukukala.
Izinhlobo Zezinzwa
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinzwa zingenza ikhanda lakho lijikeleze! Nasi isithombe sezinye zezinzwa ezivame kakhulu:
1. Izinzwa Zokushisa: Njengoba igama lisho, lezi zilandelela ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ziyizinto ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni ze-HVAC kanye nezinqubo eziningi zezimboni.
2. Izinzwa Zokusondela: Ziwusizo kumarobhothi nezinhlelo zokuphepha, lezi zinzwa zibona ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwento ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile.
3. Izinzwa Zokucindezela: Ukuqapha umfutho womoya noma uketshezi kuyikhono labo. Uzothola ezimotweni, kumadivayisi ezokwelapha, kanye nasezinhlelweni zokuqapha isimo sezulu.
4. Izinzwa Zokukhanya: Lezi zibona amazinga okukhanya futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokukhanyisa ezizenzakalelayo kanye namakhamera.
Ngakho-ke ngokujwayelekile, futhi izinzwa zihlukaniswe zibe inzwa engenantambo kanye nenzwa evamile enezintambo.
Izinzwa ezivamile ezinezintambo zixhuma idivayisi ethola okokufaka, inenzuzo yokunemba okuphezulu, ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ingasetshenziswa izikhathi eziningi ngaphandle kokushintshwa.
Inzwa engenantambo ingumqoqi wokuxhumana kwedatha engenantambo ohlanganisa imisebenzi yokutholwa kwedatha, ukuphathwa kwedatha kanye nokuxhumana kwedatha, inenzuzo yokusebenza kwamandla aphansi, ukuthuthwa kwedatha engenantambo, ukungabi nezintambo, ukufakwa okuguquguqukayo kanye nokulungisa amaphutha njalo njalo.
Amaphrothokholi okuxhumana ahlukaniswe ngamaphrothokholi okuxhumana angenantambo kanye namaphrothokholi okuxhumana axhunyiwe. Iphrothokholi yokuxhumana ichaza ifomethi esetshenziswa yiyunithi yedatha, ulwazi kanye nencazelo okufanele iyunithi yolwazi iqukathe, imodi yokuxhumana, kanye nesikhathi lapho ulwazi luthunyelwa futhi lwamukelwe, ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwedatha okubushelelezi endaweni enqunyiwe.
Izinhlobo zezinqubo zokuxhumana zineI-RFID, i-infrared, i-ZigBee, i-Bluetooth, i-GPRS, i-4G, i-Wifi kanye ne-NB-IoT.Izinqubo zokuxhumana zineI-MBus, i-USB, i-RS232, i-RS485 kanye ne-ethernet.
Imininingwane Eminye Yezinqubo Zokusebenza Ngayinye Njengoba Ilandelayo:
A: Amaphrothokholi Angenantambo
Ukuxhumana okungenantambo sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe besimanje. Kusukela kumathoyizi okulawula kude kuya emishinini yezimboni ethuthukisiwe, izinqubo ezingenantambo zidlala indima ebalulekile. Nazi ezinye ezivamile:
1. I-RFID(Ukuhlonza Imvamisa Yomsakazo): I-RFID isetshenziselwa ukushintshanisa idatha ngaphandle kokuthinta, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokulawula ukufinyelela kanye nokulandelela izimpahla.
2. I-Infrared:Ukuxhumana kwe-infrared kusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zebanga elifushane, njengezikude zethelevishini kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha yebanga elifushane phakathi kwamadivayisi.
3. I-ZigBee:I-ZigBee iyinethiwekhi engenantambo enamandla aphansi, engabizi kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zezimboni, emakhaya ahlakaniphile, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula kude.
4. I-Bluetooth:Cishe uyayazi le! I-Bluetooth isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana okufushane, okuqondile, kanye nokuqondile kuya kokuningi. Ilungele ukuxhumanisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo njengekhibhodi, amagundane, nama-headphone.
5. I-GPRS(Isevisi Yomsakazo Wephakethe Elijwayelekile): I-GPRS isetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kweselula ukuze kufinyelelwe ku-inthanethi, imiyalezo yemidiya ehlukahlukene, kanye nezinsizakalo ezisekelwe endaweni.
6. 4G:Isizukulwane sesine sobuchwepheshe beselula, i-4G, inikeza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi kweselula okubanzi kakhulu kwamafoni aphathwayo, ama-laptop, namanye amadivayisi eselula.
7. I-Wifi:I-Wifi iyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana engenantambo evumela amadivayisi ukuxhumana ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwekhebula okuqondile. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumanethiwekhi asekhaya, amanethiwekhi asehhovisi, kanye nezindawo zomphakathi ezishisayo.
8. I-NB-IoT(I-Narrowband Internet of Things): I-NB-IoT iyiphrothokholi yenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi enamandla aphansi eyenzelwe ukuxhuma amadivayisi amabanga amade ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IoT.
B: Amaphrothokholi Anezintambo
Ngisho nasemhlabeni wethu ongenazintambo, amaphrothokholi anezintambo asenendima ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zezimboni kanye nezinga eliphezulu ledatha.
1. I-MBus (Ibhasi Eliyimitha):I-MBus iyindinganiso yaseYurophu yokufunda kude amamitha okushisa kanye namanye amamitha okusetshenziswa.
2. I-USB (Ibhasi Elihlanganisiwe Lochungechunge):I-USB isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana, ukuxhumana, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla phakathi kwamakhompyutha namadivayisi awo angaphandle.
3. RS232:Lena indinganiso yokudlulisa idatha ngokuxhumana ngokulandelelana. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kuma-port e-serial ekhompyutha.
4. I-RS485:Njengoba kunjalo nge-RS232, i-RS485 isekela ama-node amaningi ngenethiwekhi kanye nobude bekhebula obude. Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulawula zezimboni kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwesakhiwo.
5. I-Ethernet:I-Ethernet isetshenziswa kabanzi kumanethiwekhi endawo (ama-LAN). Ihlinzeka ngokuxhumana okusheshayo nokuthembekile phakathi kwamadivayisi.
Ukukhetha iphrothokholi efanele kuzoncika kakhulu kuhlelo lokusebenza kanye nendawo ezungezile. Njalo cabangela izici ezifana nobubanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, izinga ledatha, kanye nohlobo lwamadivayisi axhunyiwe lapho ukhetha.
Ngo-1983, ngokusekelwe ku-RS-422 Industrial Bus standard, i-Electronic Industry Association yakha futhi yakhipha i-RS-485 Industrial Bus standard. I-RS-485 bus-standard icacisa izindinganiso zezakhiwo zikagesi ze-bus interfaces ezichazwe ezimweni ezimbili ezinengqondo: Izinga elihle liphakathi kuka-+2V ~ +6V, okubonisa isimo esinengqondo; Izinga elibi phakathi kuka--2V no-6V libonisa esinye isimo esinengqondo. Isignali yedijithali isebenzisa imodi yokudlulisa ehlukile, enganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kwesignali yomsindo.
Ingasekela ngempumelelo ama-sub-node amaningi, ibanga lokuxhumana kanye nokuzwela okuphezulu kokuthola ulwazi. Kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana yezimboni, ibhasi le-RS - 485 lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekudlulisweni kolwazi olujwayelekile nolwangaphandle kanye nokushintshaniswa kwedatha, zonke izinhlobo zemishini yezimboni enekhono lokucindezela umsindo eliphumelelayo, izinga lokudlulisa idatha eliphumelelayo kanye nokuthembeka okuhle kokudluliselwa kwedatha kanye nobude bekhebula lokuxhumana obungalinganiswa abunakuqhathaniswa nezinye izindinganiso eziningi zokuxhumana zezimboni. Ngakho-ke, i-RS-485 isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi.
Iphrothokholi yokuxhumana ye-HENGKOinzwa yokushisa nomswakamafuthiinzwa yegesiyi-RS-485. Ku-detector yokushisa, umswakama kanye negesi, ibhasi le-RS-485 lingadlulisela ulwazi futhi lishintshanise idatha ngqo nenzwa ukuqinisekisa idatha Impendulo esheshayo kanye nokunemba.
Ngaphandle kwalokho,i-probe yenzwa yegesinjengesici sokulinganisa sinomthelela omkhulu ekulinganisweni kwenzwa. Ngokwezindawo ezahlukene zokulinganisa zenzwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha indlu yeprobe. Njengendlu yeprobe yensimbi engagqwali inenzuzo yokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu,ukulwa nokugqwala, okungangeni manzi, ukususa uthuli, kuyatholakala ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nomswakama, uthuli olukhulu kanye nezinye izindawo ezinzima.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, isidingo sezinzwa ezahlukahlukene siphezulu kakhulu.
I-HENGKO ineminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yesipiliyoni esenziwe ngokwezifiso se-OEM/ODM kanye nomklamo wobungcweti wokubambisana
kanye nokusiza ngomklamo. Sineqembu lokuklama elingochwepheshe elihlinzeka ngosizo lobuchwepheshe.
Sizokunikeza inzwa/isithumeli/iprobe, igesi, kanye ne-temperature kanye nomswakama omuhle kakhuluinzwa/i-alamu/imojuli/isici njalo njalo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-31-2020
