Ukuchaza Kafushane Imidiya Enezimbotshana
Njengomcwaningi onolwazi emkhakheni we-fluid dynamics kanye nezimo zokuthutha, ngingakutshela lokhoImithombo ye-Porous, naphezu kokuba khona kuyo yonke indawo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, ngokuvamile azinakwa ngendima ebalulekile abayidlalayo ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni, ezemvelo, nezezinto eziphilayo. Kusukela phansi ngaphansi kwezinyawo zethu kuya ezinhlelweni zokuhlunga ezintweni zethu zikagesi ngisho nesakhiwo sangaphakathi samathambo ethu,Imithombo ye-Porouszikhona yonke indawo, zisekela buthule izindlela ezigcina umhlaba wethu usebenza.
Imidiya enezimbobo ibhekisela ezintweni ezigcwele izimbotshana noma izimbotshana. Lezi zimbotshana, noma 'ama-interstices,' ngokuvamile axhumene, akhe i-labyrinth yemigudu okugeleza ngayo uketshezi. Izibonelo zemithombo yemvelo enezimbotshana zifaka inhlabathi, amatshe e-sedimentary, nokhuni, kuyilapho imidiya yokwenziwa enezimbotshana ihlanganisa izinto ezifana ne-ceramics, amagwebu ensimbi, nezinhlobo ezithile zezihlungi ezisekelwe ku-polymer.
Isici esithakazelisayo semithombo yezindaba evulekile umqondo 'we-porosity' - igama elilinganisa ububanzi besikhala esingenalutho kokubalulekile. I-porosity inquma ukuthi lungakanani uketshezi olungagcinwa nokuthi lukwazi ukuthutha kahle kangakanani lolu ketshezi, kungaba amanzi, uwoyela, ngisho nomoya. Lezi zakhiwo zenza imidiya enezimbobo ibe ngumdlali obalulekile ezindaweni ezihlukene njengamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukutholwa kukawoyela, ukulungisa ukungcoliswa komhlaba, kanye nezifakelo zezokwelapha.
Njengoba singena sijula ocwaningweni lwemithombo yezindaba engenazimbobo, sizokhipha imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi njengokungena, ukwakheka kwezimbotshana, ukugeleza koketshezi, kanye nomthetho ka-Darcy, izimiso ezakha phezu kokuqonda okuyisisekelo kwe-porosity. Sizophinda sihlole ukuthi imidiya ene-porous ihlukaniswa kanjani, izici zayo ezibonakalayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zomhlaba wangempela ezizithole ezimbonini ezihlukene.
Ucwaningo lwemithombo yezindaba enezimbotshana akuwona nje umzamo wesayensi. Uhambo olwembula amanethiwekhi angabonakali ngaphakathi kwezinto, isenzo esicashile se-capillary esishayela uketshezi lokuthutha, kanye nendima enamandla lezi zenzakalo eziyidlalayo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Njengomuntu onikele ingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wami ekuhloleni lezi zinkimbinkimbi, ngiyakumema ukuthi uhlanganyele nami njengoba singena ezweni elihehayo lemithombo yezindaba engenangqondo.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo ze-Porous Media
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zemithombo yezindaba eziyizimbotshana ziyaxaka kodwa ziyaheha. Lezi zimiso zithonya izenzakalo zemvelo kanye nezinqubo ezenziwe umuntu ngokufanayo, ngakho ukuziqonda kuvula indlela yemibono nenqubekelaphambili eyisisekelo. Ake sivumbulule izimiso eziyisisekelo zemithombo yezindaba engenazimbobo futhi sibheke ukuthi zibusa kanjani umhlaba wethu.
Isimiso sokuqala esiyinhloko sizungeza umqondo we-porosity. Lokhu kulinganisa indawo engenalutho noma yembotshana entweni ehlobene nevolumu yayo yonke. Ungase ucabangele isipontshi, esinezimbobo ezivumela amanzi ukuba angenele futhi agcinwe. I-porosity yento ephathekayo ithonya kakhulu amandla ayo okuqukatha kanye nokuthutha uketshezi, impahla etholakala ezimbonini ezifana nokutholwa kukawoyela nobunjiniyela bezemvelo.
Okulandelayo ukukwazi ukungena, okukala amandla omthombo ovulekile ukuze kudlule uketshezi kuwo. Cabanga ngokuthela amanzi embizeni egcwele isihlabathi. Izinga amanzi angena ngalo esihlabathini liyisilinganiso sokungena kwesihlabathi. Lo mgomo awugcini nje esihlabathini noma enhlabathini, kodwa ubalulekile ezindaweni ezifana ne-hydrology yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngisho nasemkhakheni wezokwelapha, lapho ukungeneka kwezicubu zethambo kuthinta izinhlelo zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa.
Ukuqondaukwakheka kwezimbotshanakubalulekile futhi lapho ufunda imidiya ye-porous. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola usayizi, ukuma, nokusatshalaliswa kwezimbotshana ngaphakathi kwendawo. Ukwakheka kwezimbotshana kuvame ukunquma amandla emishini ephakathi nendawo, izakhiwo ezishisayo, nokusebenza kabusha kwamakhemikhali, kube nomthelela ekufanelekeni kwayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kumasistimu okuhlunga kuya kwizishintshisi zokushisa.
Ekugcineni, umgomo oyinhloko ohlobene nokunyakaza koketshezi emithonjeni ye-porous umthetho kaDarcy. Lo mthetho, owasungulwa unjiniyela ongumFulentshi uHenry Darcy ekhulwini le-19, unikeza incazelo yezibalo yokugeleza koketshezi endaweni enezimbotshana. Umthetho ka-Darcy usetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni imodeli yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ubunjiniyela be-reservoir, kanye nokuklanywa kwezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlunga.
Lezi zimiso ezibalulekile zemithombo yezindaba engenazimbobo zibeka isisekelo sokuhlola okujule nokubanzi kwesihloko. Njengomuntu ochithe iminyaka egxile kwisayensi yemithombo yezindaba evuzayo, ngimagange ukukucobelela ama-nuances kanye nobunkimbinkimbi balo mkhakha. Njengoba siqhubeka nohambo, sizocubungula ukuhlukaniswa kwemidiya eshubile, izici zayo zomzimba, kanye nenqwaba yezinhlelo zokusebenza zomhlaba wangempela ezinikezayo. Bophela ibhande lalokhu kugibela kwesayensi!
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemidiya Yezimbotshana
Imithombo yezindaba enezimbotshana, enezimbotshana zayo ezikhangayo kanye nezindawo zokuthutha, iyindawo yocwaningo evusa amadlingozi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi singene sijule ezicini zabo zomzimba ezihlukile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene, ake sizihlukanise ngezigaba. Ukuqonda ukuhlukaniswa kwemithombo yezindaba evulekile kubalulekile ekwaziseni indima yabo emvelweni nokuthi sizisebenzisa kanjani izici zayo ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe.
Imidiya enezimbobo zingahlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko zibe izigaba ezimbili: imidiya yemvelo neyokwenziwa noma eyenziwe ngumuntu.
Natural Porous Media
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, imidiya yemvelo ye-porous yakhiwa ngokwemvelo phezu kwezinkulungwane, ngezinye izikhathi izigidi, zeminyaka.
Umhlabathiziyisibonelo esivame kakhulu semidiya yemvelo enezimbotshana. Izikhala ze-interstitial enhlabathini ziyikhaya lemisoco namanzi ebalulekile, esekela impilo yezitshalo kanye nomthelela ezinhlelweni zemvelo. Ucwaningo lokungena kwamanzi emhlabathini lubalulekile ekuqondeni i-hydrology yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nezinqubo zezolimo eziqondisayo.
Amatshe e-Sedimentary, njenge-sandstone ne-limestone, kungesinye isibonelo semithombo yemvelo enezimbotshana. Banentshisekelo ethile embonini yamandla ngendima yabo njengamatshe echibi, ukucupha kanye nokugcina ama-hydrocarbon.
Izinkuni, isibonelo sebhayoloji yemithombo ye-porous, ibonisa i-porosity ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo seselula. Ukungena kwezinkuni kuthonya izinqubo ezifana nokomisa, ukwelashwa okulondoloziwe, kanye nekhwalithi yezinsimbi zomculo ezenziwe ngokhuni.
Imidiya Yokwenziwa Yezimbotshana
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imidiya yokwenziwa enezimbotshana yenziwe umuntu, iklanyelwe ukukhulisa izakhiwo ze-porosity kanye nokungena kwezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza.
I-Ceramicsfuthiamagwebu metalliczivame ukwakhiwa ukuze zibe ne-porosity elawulwayo kanye nesakhiwo se-pore, esebenza njengezihlungi, izisekelo ze-catalyst, kanye nezishintshi zokushisa. Bangakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezimo zamakhemikhali ezinzima, okubenza bafanelekele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni.
Izihlungi ezisekelwe ku-polymerzimelela esinye isigaba semidiya yokwenziwa enezimbotshana, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelashweni kwamanzi, ekuhlanzeni umoya, nasezinhlelweni zezokwelapha. I-porosity yabo kanye nokungena kwabo kungalawulwa ngokunembile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, okubenza babe ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene okuhlunga kanye nezinqubo zokuhlukanisa.
Ukuqonda ukuhlukaniswa kwemithombo yezindaba enezimbobo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqonda ukuhlukahluka kokusetshenziswa kwazo kanye nokubaluleka. Kuyinkundla engisebenze kuyo iminyaka eminingi, futhi ayiyeki ukungimangaza ukuthi lezi zakhiwo ezinezimbobo, ezingokwemvelo nezokwenziwa, ziwuthinta kanjani ngokuthula kodwa ngokuphawulekayo umhlaba wethu. Njengoba siqhubekela phambili, sizocubungula izici zabo zomzimba, siveze okwengeziwe ngalo mkhakha othakazelisayo wemithombo yezindaba enezimbobo.
Izici Zomzimba Zemithombo Yemithombo Yamanzi
Izwe lemithombo yezindaba enezimbotshana liyathakazelisa. Izici zabo zomzimba eziyingqayizivele zibenza bahluke, zibanika imisebenzi ehlukahlukene endaweni yemvelo neyokwenziwa. Ngemva kweminyaka echithwa ngihlolisisa ukujula kwalezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihehayo, ngingakufakazela ukuguquguquka kwazo okumangalisayo nomthelela wazo. Ake sihlole lezi zici zomzimba, ezenza imidiya enezimbobo ibe yigumbi elibalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.
I-Porosity kanye ne-Permeability
Njengoba sike saxoxa ngaphambili, i-porosity isilinganiso sevolumu engenalutho kuvolumu ephelele ye-porous medium. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwemidiya ye-porous akunqunywa i-porosity kuphela. I-permeability, okubonisa indlela uketshezi olukwazi ukudabula kalula ngayo emithonjeni yabezindaba, kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Isici esithakazelisayo ubudlelwano phakathi kwalokhu okubili: kuyilapho i-porosity ephakeme ivame ukuholela ekungeneni okuphezulu, ukuhlobana okuqondile kuthonywa izici ezifana nokwakheka kwezimbotshana nezakhiwo zoketshezi.
Isakhiwo sePore
Ukwakheka kwezimbotshana, izici ezihlanganisayo njengosayizi wembotshana, ukwakheka, nokusabalalisa, kuthonya ngokuphawulekayo izici zemishini, ezishisayo, nezamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, izimbotshana ezincane zingaholela ekusebenzeni okukhulu kwe-capillary, into ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezifana nokusebenzisana kwamanzi enhlabathini kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-inkjet. Ukuxhumana kwama-pores nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi uketshezi lungageleza kanjani ngempumelelo phakathi nendawo.
I-Adsorption kanye ne-Absorption
Imidiya enezimbotshana ingompetha bokukhangisa nokumuncwa, esebenza njengezihlungi zemvelo. Indawo enkulu yangaphakathi ehlinzekwe yizimbotshana yenza imidiya enezimbobo ibe nhle kakhulu kumagesi akhangisayo noma ama-solutes endaweni yawo. Lapho imunca, i-medium ingacwilisa uketshezi njengesipontshi. Lezi zakhiwo zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zokuhlunga, izinqubo zokususa ukungcola, ngisho nasezifakelweni zezokwelapha lapho kudingeka khona ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa.
Isenzo seCapillary
Isenzo se-capillary singesinye isici somzimba esiphawulekayo esibonakala kumithombo yezindaba enezimbotshana, lapho ukunyakaza koketshezi kwenzeka ngokumelene namandla adonsela phansi ngenxa yemiphumela yokucindezeleka kwendawo. Lo mgomo usekela izinqubo zemvelo ezifana nokuthuthwa kwamanzi ezitshalweni futhi usetshenziselwa izindwangu zokuluka kanye nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha kumishini ye-microfluidic esekelwe ephepheni.
Ukudlulisa Ukushisa
Izici zokudlulisa ukushisa zemidiya enezimbobo zinemithelela ebanzi, kusukela kumasistimu okugcina amandla kuya ekupholiseni kukagesi. Uketshezi olungaphakathi kwezimbotshana lungamunca, lugcine, futhi lukhulule inani elibalulekile lokushisa, kwenze imidiya enezimbobo ibe ngcono kakhulu ekulawuleni okushisayo.
Ngayinye yalezi zici ezibonakalayo inikela ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi kanye nokuguquguquka kwemithombo yezindaba eyi-porous, iyenze ibaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni eminingana yesayensi, ubunjiniyela, kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ngisebenzise umsebenzi wami ngembula imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi yalezi zici, futhi kuyinjabulo yami ukwabelana nawe ngalolu lwazi. Njengoba sithuthuka, sizocubungula izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimangalisayo zemidiya ye-porous, sidweba i-tapestry enothile yemibono esesiyihlanganise kuze kube manje. Bophani njengoba siqhubeka nalokhu kuhlola okujabulisayo!
Izicelo ze-Porous Media Ezimbonini Ezihlukahlukene
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezindaba evuvuzelayo kuhlukene njengoba miningi, ingena cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha yezimboni. Izici zabo ezihlukile zokucwebezela, ukungeneka, kanye nokwakheka kwezimbotshana ziboleka ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi kuya ekugcinweni kwamandla, kuye ebunjiniyela bezokwelapha. Emsebenzini wami, ngibe nelungelo lokuzibonela ngawami umthelela ojulile wemithombo yezindaba evulekile emikhakheni eminingi, futhi kuyinjabulo yami ukwabelana nawe ngalokhu kusebenziseka okuhlukahlukene.
Ukwelapha Amanzi
Emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi, imidiya enezimbobo ezifana nekhabhoni ecushiwe nama-zeolite isetshenziswa njengezikhangisi ezinamandla, ihlunga ukungcola okuyingozi emanzini. Indawo yabo yangaphakathi enkulu ibavumela ukuba bacuphe futhi basuse ukungcola okuhlukahlukene, banikeze indlela elula kodwa ephumelelayo yokuhlanza amanzi.
Ukubuyiselwa Kwamafutha
Ekubuyiseleni uwoyela, ukwakheka kwe-porous rock sedimentary kudlala indima ebalulekile. La matshe asebenza njengamadamu lapho kugcinwa khona uwoyela negesi. Amasu athuthukisiwe okuthola uwoyela, njengamanzi noma umjovo wegesi, ancike ezimisweni zokugeleza koketshezi kule midiya enezimbobo ukuze kukhishwe i-hydrocarbon eningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ubunjiniyela be-Biomedical
Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela be-biomedical, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinama-porous zithola inqwaba yezicelo. I-ceramics enezimbotshana noma izinsimbi zisetshenziselwa ukufakelwa kwamathambo, ukwakheka kwawo okunezimbotshana kuvumela ukukhula kwamathambo nokuhlanganiswa nezicubu eziphethe. Ekulethweni kwezidakamizwa, imidiya enezimbotshana ingasungulwa ukuze ilawule ukukhishwa kwezidakamizwa, ithuthukise ukusebenza kokwelashwa.
Isitoreji Amandla Nokuguqulwa
Izinto ezimbozekile zibalulekile ekugcinweni kwamandla nasekuguquleni izinhlelo zokusebenza. Kumaseli kaphethiloli namabhethri, ama-electrodes anezimbotshana asiza ukuthuthwa kwama-ion nama-electron, akhulise ukusebenza kahle kwawo. Esilondolozini samandla ashisayo, izici ezinhle kakhulu zokudlulisa ukushisa kwemidiya enezimbobo ziyasetshenziswa ukuze kugcinwe futhi kutholwe amandla ashisayo.
Isayensi Yomhlaba kanye Nezolimo
Imvelo enezimbotshana zomhlabathi, indawo ebalulekile yemvelo enezimbotshana, ithonya kakhulu izinqubo zezolimo. Amandla omhlaba okugcina amanzi nemisoco anomthelela ngqo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo kanye nesivuno sezitshalo. Ukuqonda i-porosity kanye nokungeneka komhlabathi kubalulekile ekuniseleleni ngendlela efanele kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha izakhi.
Izinto Zokwakha Nezokwakha
Embonini yezokwakha, izinto ezinama-porous ezifana nokhonkolo ofakwe umoya nengilazi yegwebu zisetshenziselwa ukukhanya kwazo, ukufakwa kwe-thermal, kanye nezakhiwo zokumunca umsindo. Lezi zinto zifaka isandla ezakhiweni ezonga ugesi, zivula indlela yezinqubo zokwakha ezisimeme.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezigidigidi zemidiya ye-porous kugcizelela ukuguquguquka kwazo okumangalisayo kanye nokuba maphakathi kwazo emikhakheni eyahlukene. Lapho siziqonda ngokwengeziwe lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihehayo, yilapho singasebenzisa khona izici zazo ukuze kuzuze umphakathi. Njengoba siqhubeka singena e-landscape yemidiya eshubile, sizocubungula izinselele namathemba esikhathi esizayo ahlobene nokusetshenziswa kwawo, sinikeze ukuqonda okucebile nakakhulu ngokubaluleka kwakho. Hlala nathi njengoba sizulazula le ndawo ethokozisayo!
Izinselele kanye Namathemba Ekusasa Lemithombo Yezindaba Ezingenabugovu
Njenganoma yimuphi umkhakha womzamo wesayensi, ukucwaninga nokusebenzisa imidiya eshubile kuza nesethi yazo ehlukile yezinselelo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinselelo zivula indlela yokuqanjwa nokuthuthuka, ngokuqhubekayo nokubumba amathemba esikhathi esizayo wemithombo yezindaba engasebenzi kahle. Uhambo lwami kulo mkhakha lunginikeze ukuqonda ngalezi zingqinamba kanye namathuba ajabulisayo abanawo.
Izinselele
Enye yezinselelo ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngemithombo yezindaba eyi-porous isekuhlukaniseni abalingiswa babo. Ukulinganisa i-porosity, ukungena kwamanzi, kanye nokwakheka kwezimbotshana ngokunembile, ikakhulukazi ezingeni le-microscopic, kungase kudingeke ngokobuchwepheshe. Amasu okuthwebula athuthukile njenge-X-ray microtomography kanye ne-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) avame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa adinga amathuluzi asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza.
Enye inselele isukela ekuhlukeni kwemithombo yezindaba eminingi enezimbotshana. Ukwehluka kobukhulu bembotshana nokusatshalaliswa kungaholela ezindleleni zokugeleza ezingalingani kanye nezimo zokuthutha eziyinkimbinkimbi, kube nzima ukumodeliswa kwazo kwetiyori kanye nokusebenza okungokoqobo.
Endabeni yemidiya yokwenziwa ye-porous, ukuzuza ukulawula okunembile phezu kwesakhiwo se-pore ngenkathi ugcina ubuqotho bemishini yezinto kungaba nzima. Inqubo yokukhiqiza idinga ukushunwa kahle ukuze kulinganiswe lezi zidingo ezingqubuzanayo.
Amathemba Ekusasa
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, ikusasa lemithombo yezindaba evulekile libukeka lithembisa, ngenxa yocwaningo oluqhubekayo nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Kunomfutho oqinile wokuthuthukisa izinto ezimbobozelayo ezinezakhiwo eziklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, kusukela kumabhilidi awonga amandla kuya kumasistimu okulethwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe.
Isibonelo, endaweni yokugcinwa kwamandla, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka lokuklama ama-electrodes anezimbotshana ezinezakhiwo ezilungele ukusebenza kwebhethri okuthuthukisiwe. Kubunjiniyela bezemvelo, imizamo igxile ekwakheni ama-adsorbent anezimbotshana asebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze asuse ukungcola.
Umkhakha odlondlobalayo we-nanotechnology nawo unomthelela kwikusasa lemithombo yezindaba enezimbotshana. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-Nano, ezinezimbotshana kububanzi be-nanometer, zibonisa izakhiwo ezihlukile futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ziguqule izindawo ezifana nobuchwepheshe bezinzwa, i-catalysis, ne-nanomedicine.
Sengiphetha, imidiya enezimbobo, enezici zayo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba nokusebenza okubanzi, ihlinzeka ngendawo evundile yokusungula izinto ezintsha nokutholwa. Nakuba izinselele zinkulu, azinakuxazululeka. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko, amandla emithombo yezindaba engasebenzi kahle azokhula nakakhulu, avule amathuba amasha namathuba. Njengoba siphetha lokhu kuhlola imidiya eshubile, ngithemba ukuthi ngikwazile ukuvusa intshisekelo yakho nokwazisa ngale nkundla ethokozisayo. Hlanganyela nathi futhi njengoba siqhubeka nokuveza ubunkimbinkimbi bomhlaba wesayensi!
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nemithombo Yemithombo Yamanzi
Emzamweni wethu wokuqonda imidiya engenamaphutha, imibuzo iyaphakama nakanjani. Lesi sigaba sidingida imibuzo eyishumi nambili evame ukubuzwa, ikunikeza imininingwane ejulile ngomhlaba othokozisayo wemithombo yezindaba evulekile.
1. Yiziphi ezinye izibonelo ezivamile zemithombo yezindaba engenazimbobo?
Izinto eziningi zemvelo nezenziwe umuntu zisebenza njengemithombo yezindaba enezimbotshana. Izibonelo zemvelo zifaka inhlabathi, amatshe, kanye nezicubu zebhayoloji, kuyilapho imidiya yokwenziwa enezimbotshana ihlanganisa izinto ezifana namagwebu, izitsha zobumba, namapholima athile. Izimboni zisebenzisa imidiya ene-porous kakhulu, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisukela ekutholeni uwoyela ukuya ekuhlanzeni amanzi kanye nobunjiniyela be-biomedical.
2. Kunqunywa kanjani ukungeneka kwendawo enezimbotshana?
I-permeability, isici esibalulekile semithombo yezindaba enezimbotshana, inquma ukuthi uketshezi lungageleza kalula kangakanani phakathi nendawo. Ngokuvamile kunqunywa kusetshenziswa izivivinyo zaselabhorethri, lapho uketshezi luphoqelelwa ngesampula yezinto ezimbotshana ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Izinga lokugeleza eliwumphumela, kanye nengcindezi esetshenzisiwe kanye nezakhiwo zoketshezi nesampula, kuvumela ukubalwa kokungena.
3. Iyini indima ye-porosity emithonjeni ye-porous?
I-Porosity isilinganiso sezikhala ezingenalutho ngaphakathi kwempahla futhi iwukhiye ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kwemidiya eyizimbobo. Kuthonya ikhono le-medium ukugcina nokuthutha uketshezi. I-porosity ephakeme ngokuvamile isho indawo eyengeziwe yokugcina uketshezi kanye nokugeleza koketshezi okungenzeka kube lula, nakuba ezinye izici, njengokuxhuma kwezimbotshana, nazo zinendima.
4. Isetshenziswa kanjani imithombo ye-porous ekwelapheni amanzi?
Ekwelashweni kwamanzi, imidiya enezimbobo ezifana nekhabhoni ecushiwe, i-zeolite, noma isihlabathi isetshenziswa ukubamba ukungcola futhi ikususe emanzini. Amanzi adlula embhedeni we-porous medium, futhi ukungcola kuthunjwa ngaphakathi kwama-pores. Usayizi, umumo, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezimbotshana kungalungiselelwa ukukhomba ukungcola okuthile.
5. Kungani imidiya enezimbotshana ibalulekile ekubuyiseleni uwoyela?
Amatshe anezimbotshana, njenge-sandstone kanye ne-limestone, ayimithombo yemvelo yama-hydrocarbon afana nowoyela negesi. Ukuqonda izici zale midiya ye-porous kubalulekile ekubuyiseleni uwoyela ngokuphumelelayo. Izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokubuyisela uwoyela, njengezikhukhula zamanzi, zenzelwe ukusizakala izakhiwo zedwala ledwala ukuze kwandiswe ukukhishwa kukawoyela.
6. Iyiphi indima edlalwa imidiya engenamaphutha kubunjiniyela be-biomedical?
Imithombo yezindaba enezimbotshana inezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza kwezobunjiniyela be-biomedical, ikakhulukazi kubunjiniyela bezicubu kanye nokulethwa kwezidakamizwa. Ama-scaffolds anezimbotshana ahlinzeka ngesakhiwo sokukhula kwamangqamuzana nokuvuselelwa kwezicubu, kuyilapho abathwali bezidakamizwa ezinama-porous banganikeza ukukhululwa okulawulwayo, okuqhubekayo kwama-ejenti okwelapha.
7. Imithombo yezindaba enezimbotshana ingaba nomthelela kanjani ekuziphatheni komhlabathi?
Umhlabathi, indawo enezimbotshana zemvelo, unomthelela ekuhambeni kwamanzi kanye nokutholakala kwezakhi ezitshalweni. Ukuqonda i-porosity kanye nokungeneka komhlabathi kungasiza ukubikezela ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukuthuthwa kwezakhi, kanye nokungena kwezimpande, ukwazisa izinqubo zezolimo kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo.
8. Ingabe imidiya enezimbotshana ingakwazi ukuhambisa ukushisa?
Yebo, imidiya ye-porous ingahambisa ukushisa, nakuba ngokuvamile ingasebenzi kahle kunezinto ezingenazo izimbotshana. Inqubo yokuqhuba ukushisa emithonjeni ye-porous iyinkimbinkimbi, ehlanganisa ukuqhutshwa nge-matrix eqinile kanye noketshezi olusezimbotsheni, kanye nokudlulisa ukushisa okuguquguqukayo uma uketshezi lugeleza.
9. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinezimbobo zihlobana kanjani nama-acoustics?
Izinto ezimbozekile zidlala indima ebalulekile ekumunceni komsindo nasekulawuleni umsindo. Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezimbotshana singabamba amaza omsindo, siguqule amandla awo abe ukushisa futhi sinciphise inani lomsindo ovela emuva. Lokhu kwenza izinto ezimbombozelayo zibe zinhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nokufakwa kwe-acoustic namaphaneli okunciphisa umsindo.
10. Isebenza kanjani imodeli yemithombo ye-porous?
Ukwenza imodeli yezakhiwo zemidiya ye-porous kuhilela izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zezibalo kanye nezibalo. Lawa mamodeli angasukela ekulingiseni kwesikali sembotshana, athwebule ukwakheka okuningiliziwe kwenethiwekhi yezimbotshana, ukuya kumamodeli aqhubekayo achaza ukuziphatha okumaphakathi ngevolumu enkulu.
11. Yiziphi ezinye izinselele ekusebenzeni ngemithombo yezindaba engasebenzi kahle?
Izinselelo ezinemithombo yezindaba evulekile zivame ukuhlobana nokuchaza nokubikezela ukuziphatha kwazo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ukucacisa ngokunembile ukusabalalisa usayizi wembotshana noma ukuqonda ukuthi izinguquko zesakhiwo kumidiya zikuthinta kanjani ukugeleza koketshezi kungaba yinkimbinkimbi. Futhi, lapho usebenzelana nemithombo yemvelo enezimbotshana njengamatshe noma inhlabathi, ukuhlukahluka kwawo okungokwemvelo kwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sobunzima.
12. Yiziphi ezinye iziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo ocwaningweni lwemidiya olungenazimbotshana?
Izikhombisi-ndlela zesikhathi esizayo ocwaningweni lwemidiya olungenazimbobo zinkulu futhi zihlukene phakathi. Kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezintsha ezine-porosity ehambisanayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu izinto zokuthutha kumasistimu anezimbotshana, kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono ethu okumodela. Izindawo zocwaningo ezifana ne-nanoscale porous materials kanye ne-bio-inspired porous structures nazo ziyazuza, zivula imingcele emisha ukuze kutholwe futhi kusungulwe izinto ezintsha.
Emhlabeni oguqukayo njalo wemithombo yezindaba enezimbobo, lena eminye yemibuzo evame ukubuzwa. Nokho, ukufuna ulwazi akugcini lapha. Njengoba ososayensi nonjiniyela beqhubeka nokungena kulo mkhakha othakazelisayo, ikusasa lithembisa ingcebo yezinto ezintsha ezitholakele, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza okufanele zihlolwe.
Unentshisekelo yokuhlola umhlaba wemidiya ye-porous ngokuqhubekayo?
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Ungangabazi ukuqondisa imibuzo yakho, imibono, kanye nokuphawula kwakhoka@hengko.com.
Masingene singene emhlabeni othokozisayo wemithombo yezindaba enezimbobo ndawonye, futhi sithole ukuthi singakwenza kanjani
shayela inqubekelaphambili futhi udale izixazululo zekusasa elingcono. Finyelela namuhla!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-19-2023
