Lonke Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo Mayelana Nokuthi Kuyini Ukuthungula?

Kuyini ukuSintering?

Kulula ukusho, i-Sintering inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa esetshenziselwa ukuguqula izinto ezimpuphu zibe yinqwaba eqinile, ngaphandle kokufinyelela eqophelweni lokuncibilika ngokuphelele.

Lokhu kuguqulwa kwenzeka ngokushisa izinto ngaphansi kwephuzu lokuncibilika kwazo kuze kube yilapho izinhlayiya zazo zinamathelana. Ukusinta kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-metallurgy, i-ceramics, ngisho nokuphrinta kwe-3D ukukhiqiza izinto eziqinile neziqinile ezivela kuma-powder.

Kodwa bewazi ukuthi umqondo wokwenza izinto zibe yingozi awuyona into entsha yesimanje?

Eqinisweni, imvelaphi yayo ingalandelwa emuva cishe eminyakeni engu-3000 BC, lapho yayisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zobumba. Nokho, ukuqonda kwesayensi yesimanje kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezimboni kokuthungela kuye kwathuthuka ikakhulukazi phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule.

Njengoba ungacabanga, ukuthungwa kwe-sintering kudlala indima ebalulekile ezinsizakalweni eziningi. Kusukela ekwenzeni ama-spark plug, ama-capacitor e-ceramic, kanye nama-dental crowns kuya ekwakheni izingxenye zezimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ukuthungwa kwe-sintering kuye kwabonakala kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.

Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokuthungula

Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi kuyini uku-sintering nokuthi kusetshenziswe kanjani kuwo wonke umlando, sekuyisikhathi sokukwazisa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zoku-sintering. Yebo, kunezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa zoku-sinter!

Okokuqalakuyi-sintering yesimo esiqinile. Lolu hlobo luyindlela eyisisekelo nejwayelekile yoku-sintering. Lapha, izinto eziwuphuphu ziyashiswa kuze kube yilapho izinhlayiya ziqala ukuhlangana ndawonye. Kufana nendlela ongakha ngayo inqaba yesihlabathi - izinhlamvu zesihlabathi ziyanamathelana, kodwa azincibiliki.

Olandelayo,Sine-liquid phase sintering. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa ingxube yezinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ingxube iyashiswa kuze kufike lapho enye yezinto incibilika khona bese yakha isigaba soketshezi, okusiza ekuhlanganiseni izinhlayiya ezisele eziqinile ndawonye.

Okwesithathuohlwini kukhona ukucwilisa okusebenzayo. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa isithasiselo noma i-catalyst ukusheshisa inqubo yokucwilisa. Cabanga ngakho njengokwengeza imvubelo enhlama - kwenza isinkwa sikhuphuke ngokushesha.

Okokugcina,Kunezindlela zokusika ezisizwa yingcindezi njengokucindezela okushisa kanye nokusika i-plasma. Njengoba igama lisikisela, lezi zindlela zisebenzisa ingcindezi kanye nokushisa ukuze kusheshiswe inqubo yokusika futhi kukhiqizwe izinto eziqinile.

Uhlobo ngalunye lokusinta lunezinzuzo zalo futhi lusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Ukukhetha kuncike ezintweni ezifana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, izakhiwo ezifiselekayo zomkhiqizo wokugcina, kanye nemishini etholakalayo. Ezigabeni ezizayo, sizohlola ngokujulile izinto ezithile ezisintayo kanye nenqubo yokusinta ngokwayo.

Hlala ubukele ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthakazelisayo mayelana nomhlaba we-sintering!

Ukuhlola Izinto Ezihlanganisiwe

Bese Okulandelayo sidinga ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ezisikiwe.

Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi manje usuyayiqonda inqubo yokusila. Kodwa kuthiwani ngemikhiqizo yale nqubo ethakazelisayo?

Enye yezinto ezivame ukukhiqizwa insimbi ecijile.Le nqubo ihilela ukuhlanganisa nokwenza impuphu yensimbi ngaphansi kokushisa, ukuyiguqula ibe yinsimbi eqinile. Umphumela uba yinsimbi enokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye nokufana. Insimbi ehlanganisiwe ingatholakala ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ezingxenyeni zezimoto kuya ezifakelweni zezokwelapha, ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo.

Olandelayo,Ake sixoxe ngetshe elicwebezelayo. Itshe elicwebezelayo likhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa ukushisa nokucindezela kumaminerali emvelo, ubumba, kanye ne-feldspar, okudala izinto ezingasoze zabhujiswa. Uzovame ukuthola itshe elicwebezelayo ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi njengezindawo zokubeka izinto ekhishini noma amathayela okugeza, lapho ukuqina kubalulekile khona.

Ukusinta futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile ezintweni zobumba. Le nqubo isenza sikwazi ukubumba izinto zobumba zibe yizinhlobo eziningi ezine-geometri eziyinkimbinkimbi ebezingenakwenzeka ngezindlela zendabuko. Kusukela kumathayili e-ceramic kuya kobumba, ukusinta kube nomthelela oguqukayo kulo mkhakha.

Okokugcina,kunezinye izinto ezikhethekile ezihlanganisiwe ongazihlola. Lokhu kusuka ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe, njengezinhlanganisela zensimbi-ze-ceramic, kuya ezintweni ezihlelwe ngokwezinga elisebenzayo, lapho ukwakheka kuhlukahluka khona kuyo yonke ingxenye.

Inqubo Yokuhlanza Ichazwe

Ake siqhubekele phambili kusukela emikhiqizweni siye enqubweni ngokwayo. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthungwa kwe-sinning, futhi yiziphi izigaba ezibalulekile ezihilelekile?

Okokuqala, izinyathelo zangaphambi kokusikwa zibalulekile. Izinto zokusetshenziswa, kungaba yinsimbi, i-ceramic, noma okunye, kumele zilungiswe ngesimo sempuphu. Le mpuphu ibe isibunjwa ngesimo esifunwayo, ngokuvamile ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi 'ukuhlanganisa okuluhlaza'.

Okulandelayo kuza inhliziyo yokusebenza: inqubo yokusha. Impuphu ebunjiwe ishiswa endaweni elawulwayo, ngokuvamile isithando somlilo, ekushiseni okungaphansi nje kwephuzu layo lokuncibilika. Lokhu kuvumela izinhlayiya ukuthi zihlangane ndawonye ngaphandle kokuncibilika ngokuphelele, zakhe inqwaba eqinile.

Uma inqubo yokusila isiqediwe, izinto zingena esigabeni sokupholisa. Lokhu kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela, njengoba ukupholisa okusheshayo kungaholela ekuqhekekeni noma kwezinye izinkinga zesakhiwo. Ukupholisa kancane kancane kuvumela izinto ukuthi zihlale futhi ziqine ngempumelelo.

Okokugcina,Asikwazi ukukhohlwa izici ezithinta ukushiswa, ikakhulukazi, izinga lokushisa nesikhathi. Izinga lokushisa lokushiswa kudingeka libe phezulu ngokwanele ukuze kube lula ukubopha kodwa libe phansi ngokwanele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuncibilika okuphelele. Ngokufanayo, isikhathi esichithwa yizinto enqubweni yokushiswa singathinta kakhulu izakhiwo zomkhiqizo wokugcina.

Engxenyeni elandelayo yendaba yethu yokusila, sizongena sijule ezihlungini ezisila bese sithola izimo ezidingekayo zokusila. Ngakho hlala ubukele!

Izihlungi Ezisikiwe: Ukukhanya Kohlelo Lokusebenza

Sesivele sixoxe ngezinto eziyisisekelo zokuhlanza, sahlola izinto ezahlukahlukene zokuhlanza, futhi saxoxa ngenqubo yokuhlanza ngokuningiliziwe.

Manje, ake sigxile ku-ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwezihlungi ze-sintering.

Mhlawumbe enye yezindlela eziphawuleka kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-sintering ekudalweni kwezihlungi zensimbi ezi-sintered. Lezi zihlungi zikhiqizwa ngama-powder ensimbi, zihlanganiswe futhi zi-sintered ukuze kudalwe indawo yokuhlunga enezimbobo kodwa enamandla. Ubukhulu bezimbobo zalezi zihlungi bungalawulwa ngokunembile, kunikeze amandla okuhlunga aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlungi ze-wire mesh ezilukiwe zendabuko.

Ungase uzibuze,kungani usebenziseizihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe?Impendulo itholakala ekuqineni kwazo kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela. Lezi zakhiwo zenza izihlungi zensimbi ezicwebezelayo zibaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezisukela kwezemithi kuya kumakhemikhali kaphethroli kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla neziphuzo.

Esinye isicelo esithakazelisayo sokusila ekuhlungeni yisihlungi sengilazi esisikiwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa izinhlayiya ezincane zengilazi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Zivame ukusetshenziswa emalabhorethri okuhlunga kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwegesi ngenxa yokumelana kwazo okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali kanye nosayizi oqondile wembobo.

Izihlungi ezifakwe i-sintered, kungaba yinsimbi noma ingilazi, zibonisa amakhono okusebenzisa i-sintering ekwakheni izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinezinzuzo ezihlukile.

Ukuqonda Izimo Zokuthulula I-Sintering

Manje, ake sibheke izimo zokopha. Uma sikhuluma ngenqubo yokopha, izimo ezenzeka ngaphansi kwazo zibaluleke kakhulu.

Okokuqala,Izinga lokushisa lokushisisa lidlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Kudingeka libe ngaphansi nje kwephuzu lokuncibilika kwezinto, ukuze kuvunyelwe izinhlayiya ukuthi zihlangane ngaphandle kokuncibilika ngokuphelele. Kuyibhalansi ebucayi engathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.

BeseKukhona indaba yegesi. Ungase uzibuze, "Yimuphi ugesi osetshenziswa ekushiseni?" Ngokuvamile, ukushiseni kwenziwa endaweni elawulwayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabela okungathandeki phakathi kwezinto kanye namagesi azungezile. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa amagesi angasebenzi njenge-nitrogen noma i-argon, yize ukukhetha okukhethekile kuncike ezintweni ezishiseniwe.

Ingcindezi nayo iyabandakanyeka, ikakhulukazi emasu okushisa asetshenziswa yingcindezi. Ingcindezi ephezulu ingabangela izinto ezijiyile, njengoba izinhlayiya ziphoqelelwa ukusondelana.

Ekugcineni,Izakhiwo zezinto kanye nemishini esetshenziswayo ziyizici ezibalulekile. Izinto ezahlukene zisabela ngendlela ehlukile ekushiseni nasekucindezelweni, zidinga izimo ezahlukahlukene ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle kakhulu. Uhlobo lwesithando somlilo noma umshini wokusila lungathinta nenqubo, njengoba sizoxoxa esigabeni esilandelayo.

Hlala ubukele njengoba sihlola kabanzi ngemishini yokucwenga kanye nendima yayo enqubweni yokucwenga!

Imishini Yokuhlinza: Ukubuka Imishini Yokuhlinza

Kuze kube manje, besilokhu sihlola ngokucophelela umqondo wokusila, izinto ezisila, kanye nenqubo ngokwayo.

Manje ake sigqamise umdlali oyinhloko ngemuva kwezigcawu:umshini wokusila.

Umshini wokucwenga uyisisekelo senqubo yokucwenga. Kodwa uyini ngempela umshini wokucwenga? Empeleni, uyisithando esikhethekile esenzelwe ukwenza inqubo yokucwenga ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa ngokucophelela.

Banguizinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokucwengaetholakalayo, ngayinye ifanele izinto ezahlukene kanye nezindlela zokuhlanza.

1. Lokhu kufaka phakathiImishini yokucwilisa eqhubekayo(esetshenziswa ezimbonini ezidinga ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi obukhulu),

2.Imishini yokuhlanza ama-batch(kuvame kakhulu emalabhorethri noma ekukhiqizweni okuphansi), kanye

3. Imishini yokuhlanza nge-vacuum(okuvumela ukusha endaweni engenalutho noma elawulwayo).

Indlela umshini wokusila osebenza ngayo ilula kodwa iyathakazelisa. Ifudumeza ngokulinganayo izinto eziwumpuphu zifinyelele ezingeni lokushisa elithile, igcine leli zinga lokushisa isikhathi esithile esinqunyiwe, bese ipholisa izinto kancane kancane, konke lokhu ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukuthi umoya ongaphakathi uyalawulwa.

Ukukhetha umshini wokucwenga ofanele kubalulekile futhi kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa izinto ezizocwenga, umthamo odingekayo, kanye nezimo ezithile zokucwenga ezidingekayo.

Ukubaluleka Nekusasa Lokwenza Isono

Manje sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngesithombe esibanzi:Kusetshenziselwani ukuthungwa kwe-sintering, futhikungani kubalulekile?

Iizinhlelo zokusebenzaUkwenziwa kwe-sintering kukhulu futhi kuyahlukahluka. Kusetshenziselwa ukudala imikhiqizo eqinile, eqinile ene-geometri eyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela ezingxenyeni zezimboni kuya ezimpahleni zabathengi. Ukwenziwa kwe-sintering kusenza sikwazi ukukhiqiza izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengensimbi e-sintered kanye nezihlungi ze-sintered, ezinezakhiwo ezihlukile njengosayizi we-pore olawulwayo kanye nokuqina okuthuthukisiwe.

KodwaLinjani ikusasa lokungazenzi izinto ezimbi?Izitayela ezintsha ziphakamisa ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamasu okuhlanza asekelwa yingcindezi ekukhiqizeni izinto ezithuthukisiwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokuhlanza esebenza kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuhlanza ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe (ukuphrinta kwe-3D) kungenye yezindlela ezithembisayo.

Naphezu kwalezi ntuthuko, ukuthungwa kwe-sinning nakho kubhekene nezinselele, njengokufinyelela ukulawula okukhulu kwenqubo nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukubhekana nalokhu kuzoba yisihluthulelo sokuvula amandla aphelele okuthungwa kwe-sinning esikhathini esizayo.

Isiphetho:Ukusila, nakuba kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kunomthelela omkhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Amandla ayo okuguqula izimpushana ezilula zibe izinto eziqinile neziyinkimbinkimbi kwenza kube inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba sibheke phambili esikhathini esizayo, ukuvela kanye nokulungiswa kokusila kuthembisa amathuba ajabulisayo ezinto ezintsha kanye nezicelo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Iyini inqubo yokusila?

Ukusinta kuyinqubo yokwelapha ukushisa eguqula izinto ezimpuphu zibe yinqwaba eqinile ngaphandle kokuncibilikisa ngokuphelele izinto. Kuhilela ukushisa izinto ezimpuphu ngaphansi kwephuzu lazo lokuncibilika kuze kube yilapho izinhlayiya ziqala ukunamathelana, zakha inqwaba eqinile. Le nqubo isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukene ezifana ne-metallurgy, i-ceramics, kanye nokukhiqiza okungeziwe ukukhiqiza izinto eziqinile neziqinile ezivela kuma-powder.

2. Kusebenza kanjani ukuthungula?

Inqubo yokusha ihilela izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukushisa, ukubamba, kanye nokupholisa. Izinto eziwuphuphu ziqala zihlanganiswe futhi zenziwe ngesimo esifunwayo, bese zifudunyezwa endaweni elawulwayo zifinyelele ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi nje kwephuzu lokuncibilika kwazo. Ukushisa kubangela ukuthi izinhlayiya zihlangane ndawonye, ​​zakhe inqwaba eqinile. Ngemva kokugcina leli zinga lokushisa isikhathi esinqunyiwe, izinto zibe sezipholile kancane kancane ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka noma ezinye izinkinga zesakhiwo.

3. Yiziphi izinto ezingashiswa?

Izinto eziningi zingashiswa, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi, izinto zobumba, ipulasitiki, kanye nengilazi. Izinto ezahlukene zidinga izimo ezahlukene zokushiswa, njengokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nomkhathi. Ezinye izinto zingashiswa ngqo, kanti ezinye zidinga izithasiselo noma izihlanganisi ukuze kube lula inqubo.

4. Iyini isihlungi esicwebezelayo, futhi kungani sisetshenziswa?

Isihlungi esisikiwe uhlobo lwesihlungi esikhiqizwa ngenqubo yokusikiwe. Singenziwa ngempuphu yensimbi, ye-ceramic, noma yengilazi, sihlanganiswe futhi sishiswe kuze kube yilapho izinhlayiya zihlangana ndawonye. Ubukhulu bemibhobho yalezi zihlungi bungalawulwa ngokunembile, kunikeze amakhono okuhlunga aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlungi zendabuko. Izihlungi ezisikiwe zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zimelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezela, okwenza zibe usizo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene njengezemithi, amakhemikhali kaphethroli, kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla neziphuzo.

5. Isetshenziswa kanjani i-sintering ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe (ukuphrinta kwe-3D)?

Ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe, noma ukuphrinta kwe-3D, ukuthungwa kwe-sinter kusetshenziswa ezindleleni ezifana nokuthungwa kwe-laser ekhethiwe (i-SLS) kanye nokuthungwa kwe-laser eqondile yensimbi (i-DMLS). Lezi zindlela zihilela ukusebenzisa i-laser ukuthungwa kwengqimba yezinto eziwuphuphu ngengqimba, kwakhiwe into efiselekayo ye-3D. Amandla okulawula inqubo yokuthungwa kwe-sintering enza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye namajiyometri okungaba nzima noma kungenzeki ukukufeza ngezindlela zokukhiqiza zendabuko.

6. Liyini ikusasa lokungazenzi izinto ezimbi?

Ikusasa lokusila libukeka lithembisa, kanye nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe evula amathuba amasha. Isibonelo, amasu okusila asekelwa yingcindezi aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izinto ezithuthukisiwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokusila esebenza kahle futhi enembile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokusila ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe, kungenye yezindlela ezithembisayo. Kodwa-ke, izinselele ezifana nokufinyelela ukulawula okukhulu phezu kwenqubo kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kudingeka kubhekwane nazo ukuze kuvulwe ngokugcwele amandla okusila.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuhlanza i-sinter emisebenzini yakho noma ufuna izinto zokuhlanza i-sinter ezisezingeni eliphezulu zamaphrojekthi akho, i-HENGKO ilapha ukuzokusiza. Ithimba lethu lochwepheshe likulungele ukunikeza izeluleko, izixazululo, kanye nezinsizakalo ezenzelwe izidingo zakho ezihlukile.

Unganqikazi ukuxhumana nathi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngenqubo ethokozisayo yokucubungula izinto noma ukuhlola imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zethu ezahlukahlukene. Mane usithumelele i-imeyili ku-ka@hengko.com, futhi sizokuthinta maduze. Sizibophezele ekukusizeni uguqule amathuba aphundu abe yimpumelelo eqinile!